Density, Surface Tension, and Viscosity of CMSX-4® Superalloy

Abstract

The surface tension, density, and viscosity of the Ni-based superalloy CMSX-4 have been determined in the temperature ranges of 1,650-1,850 K, 1,650-1,950 K, and 1,623-1,800 K, respectively. Each property has been measured in parallel by different techniques at different participating laboratories, and the results are compared with the aim to improve the reliability of data and to identify recommended values. The following relationships have been proposed: density-ρ (T ) [kg·m −3 ] = 7,876−1.23(T −1, 654 K); surface tension-γ (T )[mN·m −1 ] = 1,773− 0.56(T − 1,654 K); viscosity-η (T ) [mPa · s] = 8.36 − 1.82 × 10 −2 (T − 1, 654 K).For a comparison, surface-tension measurements on the Al-88.6 at% Ni liquid alloy with the same Al-content as the CMSX-4 alloy were also performed. In addition, the surface tension and density have been theoretically evaluated by different models, and subsequently compared with new experimental data as well as with those reported in the literature. The surface-tension experimental data for the liquid CMSX-4 alloy were found to be close to that of the Al-88.6 at% Ni alloy which is consistent with results from the compound formation model (CFM).

Thermophysical properties of some Ni-based superalloys in the liquid state relevant for solidification processing

“…Among the datasets shown in Fig. 8, the surface tension data of CMSX-4 [22] result lower than expected with respect to the Al content in the entire temperature range of measure. However, the surface tension of CMSX-4 as a function of temperature has been widely discussed in the literature [16,21,23,24], showing that its surface tension values exhibit a large scatter.…”

“…8. The new surface tension data as a function of temperature together with the experimental data of the Ni-based superalloys previously measured under the same experimental conditions [12,22] are shown in Fig. 8.…”

“…Experimental and theoretical data are calculated at T = 1773 K and reported as a function of Ni content in the alloy. (filled square) present work; (filled star) literature data from [12] and [22]; (diamond) density calculated as linear combination over all the elements CMSX-4 [22], RENE-N5 [12], and RENE-90 [12] having similar compositions. Among the datasets shown in Fig.…”

Surface Tension and Viscosity of the Ni-Based Superalloys LEK94 and CMSX-10 Measured by the Oscillating Drop Method on Board a Parabolic Flight

“…In the same work, the surface tension of CMSX-4 at T liq was obtained as r(T liq ) = 1.81 Nm À1 in good agreement with our previously reported value of r(T liq ) = 1.79 N m À1 . For CMSX-4, Ricci et al [46] reported a value r(T liq ) = 1.77 N m À1 and a temperature coefficient of -5. 6 9 10 À4 N m À1 K À1 measured by the pinned drop method.…”

Viscosity of Industrially Important Al–Zn Alloys. I-Quasi-eutectic Alloys

“…The most extensively used for liquid metals is the oscillating-cup method, as recently reported for Cu-Sn alloys [6], Ni-based alloys [7], and In-Se-Tl alloys [8]. Details of this method and working equations can be found elsewhere [9] and therefore will be only briefly presented here.…”