Density, Viscosity, and Electrical Conductivity of Aqueous Solutions of Lithium Sulfate

Viscosity

“…The measurements of Abdulagatov and Azizov (2003) and those reported by Puchkov and Sargaev (1974), Maksimova et al (1987), and Cartón et al (1995), were found to agree within 0.65%, at temperatures up to 323 K and at 0.1 mol·kg −1 , while at higher concentrations and at temperatures up to 343 K the deviations rose up to 4-8%.…”

Influence of aqueous electrolyte concentration on parasitic reactions in high-voltage electrochemical capacitors

“…The aim of the current study is to demonstrate the influence of electrolyte salt concentration on parasitic side reactions in high-voltage symmetrical activated carbon EDLCs based on aqueous lithium sulfate electrolytes. Since the electrolyte salt concentration is well known to influence the physicochemical properties of the electrolyte (e.g., density, conductivity, and viscosity [15]) and has previously been shown to affect the electrochemical performance of high-voltage aqueous EDLCs significantly, [9,16] we investigate its influence on electrolyte decomposition and carbon corrosion. Electrochemical cells, including pressure and OEMS cells as described elsewhere, [11] were assembled in a symmetrical cell configuration containing two identical carbon electrodes, a glass fiber separator, and a fixed amount of Li2SO4 electrolyte (200 µL for pressure cell, 250 µL for OEMS cell).…”

Family Tree for Aqueous Organic Redox Couples for Redox Flow Battery Electrolytes: A Conceptual Review

“…The higher conductivity of ammonia salts (Figures 1c, 1d) can be related to the extra conductivity of hydronium ions of the hydrolyzed ammonium ion. [40], hydrochloric acid [41], and hydrobromic acid [41]; b) sodium hydroxide () [42], potassium hydroxide (□) [43]; lithium hydroxide (∆) [44], and ammonium hydroxide in 1 mol/l aqueous NaOH (x) [45]; c) sodium sulfate () [46], potassium sulfate (□) [46], lithium sulfate (∆) [47], and ammonium sulfate (x) [46]; d) sodium chloride () [46], potassium chloride (□) [46] , lithium chloride (∆) [46], and ammonium chloride (x) [46].…”

“…Due to the necessity of the flow conditions, the electrode area cannot be packed as close as in conventional batteries, resulting in a lower active surface area, thus a lower power density per volume unit of an RFB stack. The implication of the necessary [40], hydrochloric acid [41], and hydrobromic acid [41]; (b) sodium hydroxide (•) [42], potassium hydroxide ( ) [43]; lithium hydroxide (∆) [44], and ammonium hydroxide in 1 mol/L aqueous NaOH (x) [45]; (c) sodium sulfate (•) [46], potassium sulfate ( ) [46], lithium sulfate (∆) [47], and ammonium sulfate (x) [46]; (d) sodium chloride (•) [46], potassium chloride ( ) [46], lithium chloride (∆) [46], and ammonium chloride (x) [46].…”

“…However, the results are in some cases counterintuitive. Especially, pH-neutral sodium salts, for example, have a higher conductivity [49] and hydrochloride (x) [50]; (b) sodium hydroxide (•) [51]: potassium hydroxide ( ) [51] and lithium hydroxide (∆) [51]; (c) sodium sulfate (•) [46], potassium sulfate ( ) [46], lithium sulfate (∆) [47], and ammonium sulfate (x) [46]; (d) sodium chloride (•) [46], potassium chloride ( ) [46]; lithium chloride (∆) [52], and ammonium chloride (x) [46].…”