Dental Anatomy and Morphology of Permanent Teeth

Abstract

The present chapter is proposing a detailed and illustrated description of dental morphology of permanent dentition. The main topics are related to nomenclature, age of emergence, a description of teeth’s tissues (pulp, dentin, enamel, and cement), and morphology of all permanent teeth. The main focus of this chapter is the description of individualized morphology and specific variations of each permanent tooth. The goal of all treatment phases in dental medicine is to restore the function, integrity, and morphology of the oral cavity, and all these achievements are reached through deep knowledge of dental morphology. Cavities are restored with direct dental materials, which need to be carved according to the natural shape, outlines, occlusal and proximal contacts of teeth’s morphology, reproducing also the shade and translucencies of natural teeth. The same goal dominates the prosthodontic field. It is well known in dental medicine that shape, size, and position assure the optimal function and preserve the self-maintenance of dental arches and dento-maxillary system. For esthetic, function, and self-preservation, all dental treatment fields have to first consider the dental morphology.

Indirect Restorative Polymeric Dental Materials

“…The higher it is, the lower the fracture susceptibility of a material. CAD/CAM composites have a Weibul modulus (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) lower than hybrid ceramics.…”

“…All the physical properties of these materials have fulfil the clinical requirements and do not change different working conditions (chemical agents, humidity and isolation control in the oral cavity). Milling from polymeric blocks with CAD/CAM technology or plastering and injection of polymers are indirect techniques performed outside the oral cavity with new materials and technologies [11][12][13][14].…”

Classification, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Oral Genetic Disorders

“…Dental and periodontal development is a tightly controlled natural process that results from numerous discrete and extremely precise sequences of phases. If any of these developmental phases are impeded or aggravated, the evolved tooth and periodontal structures may differ [1]. A general survey of dental/periodontal abnormalities in humans would be incomplete without some consideration of the etiological factors involving stress, poor diet, smoking, viral and bacterial infection, medical conditions, age, poor hygiene, and genetics [2,3].…”