Dental and occlusal features in patients with palatally displaced maxillary canines

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to determine the dental and occlusal features that could contribute to the aetiology of palatally displaced canines (PDCs). The material consisted of pre-treatment dental casts of 50 patients (36 females and 14 males) with unilateral and bilateral PDCs aged 14-16 years (mean 15.6 +/- 1.6 years). These were compared with a control group of 50 treated subjects (25 males and 25 females) of the same age with normally erupted maxillary canines. The following parameters were measured on the dental casts: the mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual (BL) width of each maxillary tooth, the maxillary interpremolar and intermolar widths, overjet and overbite, dentoalveolar arch relationship (based on incisor classification), and missing or anomalous teeth. The differences between the PDC group and controls were determined using a Student's t-test. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. PDCs occurred most frequently in subjects with a Class I occlusion. Sixteen per cent of the PDC subjects had congenital absence or peg-shaped lateral incisors or congenital absence of the second premolar, demonstrating a clear association between palatal impaction of the maxillary canine and anomalous or congenital tooth absence. The overjet was significantly smaller in the PDC female subjects, especially in those with unilateral impaction (P < 0.05). Overbite was significantly greater in PDC male subjects compared with the controls, especially in bilateral impaction cases. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups with regard to the maxillary transverse dimensions, maxillary MD widths, or palatal height for either gender.

Dental anomalies and clinical features in patients with maxillary canine impaction

“…When a single type of tooth was considered, the association was not statistically significant; maxillary lateral incisor aplasia showed a higher prevalence only in the PDCG, whereas mandibular second premolar aplasia presented a similar prevalence among the CG, PDCG, and BDCG. Some authors related PDCs to the congenital absence of the maxillary lateral incisor 1,3,11,14,20,22,27 or the second premolar 17 ; this evidence was not supported by the present study. The previously recognized relationship between PDCs and impaction of other teeth was confirmed.…”

“…14 The PDCG showed a relatively high prevalence of peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisors (10.5%) compared to the CG (2%); in fact, a statistically significant association was verified, as previously reported. 4,7,8,11,14,20,22,24,27 Different authors have also related transposition to PDCs 16,18,19 ; the present PDCG presented some cases of concomitant transposition, and a statistically significant association was found. However, this study did not confirm the association of BDCs with impaction of other teeth.…”

“…1,2,11,14,22,[25][26][27] The molar class distributions for PDCG subjects mostly showed Angle Class I (50%) for both the impacted and the nonimpacted sides. BDCG patients were characterized by a prevalence of Angle Class II in the impacted side (61.3%) compared to a higher prevalence of Angle Class I in the nonimpacted side (54.8%).…”

Could idiopathic osteosclerosis have correlations with palatally impacted maxillary canines?

“…The diagnosis of idiopathic osteosclerosis was also established based on the patient's radiographic examinations. Idiopathic osteosclerosis was observed as a bone radiopacity increase located inside the bone, measuring 3 mm or more, with no radiolucent halo and no apparent cause (Figures 1 and 2), as proposed by Langlais et al 1 , and White and Pharoah 3 . Radiopaque lesions associated with dental caries, deep restorations or tooth extraction regions were not diagnosed as idiopathic osteosclerosis, since they could be the result of condensing osteitis or residual condensing osteitis, when located in a tooth extraction region.…”

“…It is usually located in the mandibular premolar region [1][2][3] . The lesion has benign characteristics and seems not to increase over time 4 .…”