Dental and tarsal anatomy of ‘<i>Miacis</i>’<i>latouri</i>and a phylogenetic analysis of the earliest carnivoraforms (Mammalia, Carnivoramorpha)

Solé, Floréal; Smith, Richard; Coillot, Tiphaine; Bast, Eric De; Smith, Thierry

doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.793195

Cited by 31 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The m1, which displays a secant morphology, is characterized by a weakly anteriorly projected paraconid (compared to other “miacids”), a basined talonid bearing a developed entoconid, and the presence of a complete labial cingulid. These features are similar to the genus Vassacyon , which is known in the Early Eocene of North America, rather than the sole Paleocene “miacid” genus Uintacyon [29]. Vassacyon was previously unknown in Europe.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

First Clarkforkian Equivalent Land Mammal Age in the Latest Paleocene Basal Sparnacian Facies of Europe: Fauna, Flora, Paleoenvironment and (Bio)stratigraphy

Smith

Quesnel

Plöeg³

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) is correlated with the first occurrences of earliest modern mammals in the Northern Hemisphere. The latest Paleocene Clarkforkian North American Land Mammal Age, that has yielded rodents and carnivorans, is the only exception to this rule. However, until now no pre-PETM localities have yielded modern mammals in Europe or Asia. We report the first Clarkforkian equivalent Land Mammal Age in the latest Paleocene deposits of the basal Sparnacian facies at Rivecourt, in the north-central part of the Paris Basin. The new terrestrial vertebrate and macroflora assemblages are analyzed through a multidisciplinary study including sedimentologic, stratigraphic, isotopic, and palynological aspects in order to reconstruct the paleoenvironment and to evaluate biochronologic and paleogeographic implications. The mammals are moderately diverse and not abundant, contrary to turtles and champsosaurs. The macroflora is exceptional in preservation and diversity with numerous angiosperms represented by flowers, fruits, seeds and wood preserved as lignite material, revealing an abundance of Arecaceae, Betulaceae, Icacinaceae, Menispermaceae, Vitaceae and probably Cornaceae. Results indicate a Late Paleocene age based on carbon isotope data, palynology and vertebrate occurrences such as the choristoderan Champsosaurus, the arctocyonid Arctocyon, and the plesiadapid Plesiadapis tricuspidens. However, several mammal species compare better with the earliest Eocene. Among these, the particular louisinid Teilhardimys musculus, also recorded from the latest Paleocene of the Spanish Pyrenees, suggests a younger age than the typical MP6 reference level. Nevertheless, the most important aspect of the Rivecourt fauna is the presence of dental remains of a rodent and a “miacid” carnivoran, attesting to the presence of two modern mammalian orders in the latest Paleocene of Europe. Interestingly, these two groups are also the only modern groups recorded from the latest Paleocene of North America, making Rivecourt the first direct equivalent to the Clarkforkian Land Mammal Age outside of North America.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

First Clarkforkian Equivalent Land Mammal Age in the Latest Paleocene Basal Sparnacian Facies of Europe: Fauna, Flora, Paleoenvironment and (Bio)stratigraphy

Smith

Quesnel

Plöeg³

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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“…) and the carnivoraform Dormaalocyon latouri (Solé et al . ). Among hyaenodonts, cases of sexual dimorphism are very rare and, as far as we know, only two published studies mention sexual dimorphism in this particular mammal group: Mellett () concluded that Hyaenodon was moderately sexually dimorphic in canine size, while Smith and Smith () envisaged a possible sexual dimorphism in the sinopine Prototomus minimus based on two edentulous dentaries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

New fossil Hyaenodonta (Mammalia, Placentalia) from the Ypresian and Lutetian of France and the evolution of the Proviverrinae in southern Europe

Solé

Falconnet

Vidalenc³

2015

Palaeontology

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The proviverrines from the Ypresian (MP7–MP10) and Lutetian (MP11–MP14) are represented mainly by species recorded in the northern and central parts of Europe (Paris Basin, Belgian Basin, Germany, Switzerland). Here, we describe fossils from southern France: Saint‐Papoul (MP8 + 9; Aude) and Aigues‐Vives 2 (?MP13; Aude). One dentary with secant molars from Saint‐Papoul represents a new genus and species, Preregidens langebadrae. This taxon is possibly present in Avenay (France), the MP8 + 9 reference locality. One of the three dentaries discovered in Aigues‐Vives 2 belongs to the hypercarnivorous Oxyaenoides schlosseri, previously represented by only two isolated lower molars. This dentary appears to be the most derived of the proviverrines. This species is possibly present in Saint‐Martin‐de‐Londres (France), a locality that is considered to be close to the MP13 reference level. The two other dentaries from Aigues‐Vives 2 support the presence of Eurotherium theriodis and provide the first possible evidence of sexual dimorphism in a proviverrine species. A phylogenetic analysis of the proviverrines is performed to resolve the phylogenetic position of the three taxa. This identifies a close relationship between the new genus (Preregidens) and Oxyaenoides. The new fossils allow the age of Saint‐Papoul and Aigues‐Vives 2 to be refined: the first locality is considered to be close in age to Avenay (Ypresian; France), while the second one seems to be close to Egerkingen γ (Lutetian; Switzerland), which is considered to be possibly close in age to the MP13 reference level. Finally, the presence of O. schlosseri and E. theriodis in the southern part of France is compatible with the hypothesis that the mammals involved in the first intra‐Eocene turnover migrated northwards.

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“…Moreover, Springhorn () underlined the dental similarities between Oodectes and Paroodectes , and Smith and Smith () and Solé et al . (, ) recently showed that Oodectes and Gracilocyon are phylogenetically related. Therefore, it appears that this group may have been present in Europe during the entire Eocene (Fig.…”

Section: Evolution Of European Carnivoraforms During the Eocenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The earliest early Eocene localities in Europe have yielded three carnivoraform species: Dormaalocyon latouri (Quinet, ), Gracilocyon solei Smith and Smith, , and Vassacyon taxidiotis Solé, Gheerbrant and Godinot, 2013 a (Smith and Smith ; Solé et al . , ), while the fauna of Abbey Wood (PE III biozone, which is considerably older than the reference‐level MP8 + 9) has yielded two further carnivoraforms, Gracilocyon rundlei and Uintacyon cf. rudis (Hooker ).…”

Section: Evolution Of European Carnivoraforms During the Eocenementioning

confidence: 99%

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New carnivoraforms from the early Eocene of Europe and their bearing on the evolution of the Carnivoraformes

Solé

2014

Palaeontology

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Two new mammalian carnivoraform species, Uintacyon hookeri sp. nov. and Quercygale smithi sp. nov., are described from the early Eocene of Europe. U. hookeri sp. nov. is recorded in Mutigny (MP8 + 9, PE IV), Avenay (MP8 + 9, PE V), Brasles, Cond e-en-Brie (MP8 + 9) and Cuis (MP 10), while Q. smithi sp. nov. comes from Mutigny and Mancy (MP10). Because the two species are not recorded in earliest Eocene localities such as Dormaal and Le Quesnoy (MP7, PE I), it is proposed that they dispersed after the main phase of the Mammal Dispersal Event. U. hookeri sp. nov. supports the existence of terrestrial connections with North America, while Q. smithi sp. nov. implies possible faunal exchange with Asia. This evidence for the evolution of the Carnivoraformes supports: (1) a rapid decrease in their diversity after the Mammal Dispersal Event; and (2) the existence of a mammal turnover event in Europe during the early Eocene. The discovery of a new species of Quercygale, which is generally considered as the closest carnivoraform to the crown-group Carnivora, shows that the genus had already lost the M 3 by the early Eocene and supports an important, but very poorly known, radiation of the carnivoraforms at least during the earliest early Eocene.

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Dental and tarsal anatomy of ‘Miacis’latouriand a phylogenetic analysis of the earliest carnivoraforms (Mammalia, Carnivoramorpha)

Cited by 31 publications

References 34 publications

First Clarkforkian Equivalent Land Mammal Age in the Latest Paleocene Basal Sparnacian Facies of Europe: Fauna, Flora, Paleoenvironment and (Bio)stratigraphy

First Clarkforkian Equivalent Land Mammal Age in the Latest Paleocene Basal Sparnacian Facies of Europe: Fauna, Flora, Paleoenvironment and (Bio)stratigraphy

New fossil Hyaenodonta (Mammalia, Placentalia) from the Ypresian and Lutetian of France and the evolution of the Proviverrinae in southern Europe

New carnivoraforms from the early Eocene of Europe and their bearing on the evolution of the Carnivoraformes

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