Dental follicle stem cells in bone regeneration on titanium implants

Abstract

BackgroundWe aimed to demonstrate that DF stem cells from impacted molars and canines can be used to improve bone regeneration on titanium implants surfaces. This study highlights the presence of stem cells in DF, their potential to adhere and differentiate into osteoblasts on different types of titanium surfaces.ResultsIsolated cells from the harvested DF tissue from impacted canine/molars, expressed stem cells markers. Differentiation into bone cells was induced in presence or absence of BMP-2 and TGFβ1. The presence of growth factors until 28 days in medium maintained the cells in an earlier stage of differentiation with a lower level of specific bone proteins and a higher expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Influence of titanium implants with different bioactive coatings, hydroxyapatite (TiHA) and with silicatitanate (TiSiO2), and porous Ti6Al7Nb implants as control (TiCtrl), was studied in terms of cell adhesion and viability. Ti HA implants proved to be more favorable for adhesion and proliferation of DF stem cells in first days of cultivation. The influence of titanium coatings and osteogenic differentiation mediums with or without growth factors were evaluated. Additional BMP-2 in the medium did not allow DF stem cells to develop a more mature phenotype, leaving them in a pre-osteogenic stage. The best sustained mineralization process evaluated by immuno-cytochemical staining, scanning electron microscopy and Ca2+ quantification was observed for TiHA implants with a higher expression of ALP, collagen and Ca2+ deposition. Long term culturing (70 days) on titanium surfaces of DF stem cells in standard medium without soluble osteogenic inducers, indicated that HA coating is more favorable, with the acquisition of a more mature osteoblastic phenotype as shown by immunocytochemical staining. These findings demonstrated that even in absence of exogenous osteogenic factors, TiHA implants and in a lesser extent TiCtrl and TiSiO2 implants can induce and sustain osteogenic differentiation of DF stem cells, by their chemical and topographical properties.ConclusionsOur research demonstrated that DF stem cells have a spontaneous tendency for osteogenic differentiation and can be used for improving bone regeneration on titanium implants surfaces.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-015-0229-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Current methods of preventing aseptic loosening and improving osseointegration of titanium implants in cementless total hip arthroplasty: a review

“…Other techniques, such as bone tissue engineering using stem cells and scaffolds, are still under development. 15 , 16 This review discusses the current methods and their effect on osseointegration of titanium implants. Our review focusses on cementless total hip replacement.…”

TGF-β2 downregulates osteogenesis under inflammatory conditions in dental follicle stem cells

“… 24 , 25 The multipotency of dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) makes these cells potentially useful in the reconstruction of bone under inflammatory conditions. 26 – 29 As a disease that is frequently associated with tooth loss, periodontal disease is defined as the destruction of alveolar bone and periodontal tissues by bacterial infection. 26 , 27 , 30 Therapeutic strategies for the treatment of periodontitis include not only the control of local inflammation but also the regeneration of new periodontal tissues attached to the surface of the tooth root.…”

Expression of odontogenic ameloblast-associated protein in the dental follicle and its role in osteogenic differentiation of dental follicle stem cells

“…DFSCs have been shown to possess capability of osteogenic differentiation in vitro when induced with a proper osteogenic medium (Yao et al, 2008; Mori et al, 2012) or in vivo when transplanted into bone defects (Rezai-Rad et al, 2015; Lucaciu et al, 2015). Culture of the DFSCs in osteogenic induction medium resulted in formation of calcium deposition (Yao et al, 2008; Li et al, 2012), and increased expression of the osteoblast master gene RUNX2 (Mori et al, 2012).…”