Dental health of patients using antidepressants and methamphetamines

Abstract

The search was performed in the PubMed database, and the results of own research on the effects of antidepressants on dental health were presented. Literature data on the impact of methamphetamine use on dental health are also provided. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been shown to cause bru-xism, which can exacerbate temporomandibular joint disorder, and tricyclic antidepressants (especially low-dose amitriptyline) can reduce the risk of bruxism caused by another antidepressant. Antidepressants, mostly tricyclic, cause xerostomia, leading to the salivary hypofunction. Similar effects such as bruxism and xerostomia are also noted when using methamphetamines. Saliva contains a high concentration of calcium and phosphate ions, which serve as raw materials for the remineralization process, it also buffers organic acids formed by dental plaque, thereby preventing periodontitis and caries. Xerostomia due to the use of antidepressants or methamphetamines causes taste disorders, the appearance of bad breath, mouth ulcers, impairs the processes of chewing, swallowing and speech, changes the microbial colonization of the oral cavity, causing the development of dental ca-ries, candidiasis, atrophy of the mucous membrane and a burning sensation, difficulties in keeping dentures, negatively affects the quality of life of patients. Therefore, it is important for dentists to be aware of the oral problems associated with the use of methamphetamines and antidepressants, identify them early, and not only provide topical treatment, but also discuss with patients the risks associated with their lifestyle or treatment.