Dental histology of late Miocene hipparionins compared with extant Equus, and its implications for Equidae life history

Orlandi-Oliveras, Guillem; Nacarino-Meneses, Carmen; Köhler, Meike

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.04.016

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…A similar trend of decreasing DSR in cervical direction has previously also been reported for the M 3 of humans (Guatelli‐Steinberg et al, 2012 ) and the M 1 of sheep (Kierdorf et al, 2013 ). Orlandi‐Olivieras et al ( 2019 ) found a marked decrease in DSR from cuspal to cervical in the M 3 of zebras ( Equus quagga ) and interpreted this as reflecting a general decrease in somatic growth rate. However, the same decrease of DSR in cervical enamel was also found in the M 2 of pigs in this study and in the M 1 of sheep, and these teeth are formed earlier in ontogeny than the M 3 , that is, prior to an overall slowing‐down of somatic growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The higher EERs found in the pig M 2 compared to the M 3 may be related to the general somatic growth trajectory of the animals (Smith, 2000 ). For horses, Orlandi‐Olivieras et al ( 2019 ) assumed that the higher EERs recorded in the M 1 and M 2 compared to the M 3 are related to differences in the velocity of skeletal growth and body weight gain during the formative periods of the respective teeth. Thus, the early developing first and second molars are formed during a period of very rapid body growth and weight gain, while during the development of the later‐forming third molars, somatic growth rates are already considerably lower.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wild boar versus domestic pig—Deciphering of crown growth in porcine second molars

et al. 2023

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Based on the previously established periodicity of enamel growth marks, we reconstructed crown growth parameters of mandibular second molars from two wild boar and two domestic pigs of the Linderöd breed. Body weight gain and progression of dental development were markedly faster in the domestic pigs than the wild boar. While the final crown dimensions of the M2 did not differ between domestic pigs and wild boar, mean crown formation time (CFT) of this tooth was considerably shorter in the domestic pigs (162 days) than in the wild boar (205 days). The difference in CFT was mainly attributable to a higher enamel extension rate (EER) in the domestic pig. Generally, EER was highest in the cuspalmost deciles of the length of the enamel‐dentine‐junction and markedly dropped in cervical direction, with lowest values occurring in the cervicalmost decile. In consequence, the cuspal half of the M2 crown was formed about three times faster than the cervical half. In contrast to the EER, no marked difference in daily enamel secretion rate (DSR) was recorded between domestic pigs and wild boar. The duration of enamel matrix apposition as well as linear enamel thickness in corresponding crown portions was only slightly lower in the domestic pigs than the wild boar. Thus, the earlier completion of M2 crown growth in the domestic pig was mainly achieved by a higher EER and not by an increased DSR. The more rapid recruitment of secretory ameloblasts in the course of molar crown formation of domestic pigs compared to wild boar is considered a side‐effect of the selection for rapid body growth during pig domestication.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild boar versus domestic pig—Deciphering of crown growth in porcine second molars

et al. 2023

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“…More hypsodont teeth, then, can be related to a higher resource assignation to the soma maintenance rather than to current reproductive performance, a life history strategy which is in turn coupled to longer reproductive lifespans (Veiberg et al, 2007;Carranza et al, 2008). Enamel folding complexity on the occlusal surface, moreover, might have also played an important role in the efficiency of the hipparionin tooth durability (Famoso and Davis, 2016); while in the Equus genus dental functionality is chiefly maintained by means of increased crown heights due to the extension of the crown formation time (Nacarino-Meneses et al, 2017;Orlandi-Oliveras et al, 2019). The relationship between life history and dental development (Smith, 1991(Smith, , 2000, together with the inferred slow molar formation and relatively late eruption of hipparionins' molars (Orlandi-Oliveras et al, 2019), make us interpret the lack of linkage between hypsodonty and diet in hipparionins as possible evidence of the role of life history in the evolution of tooth hypsodonty within this group.…”

Section: Hypsodonty and Hipparionin Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding strategies of circum‑Mediterranean hipparionins during the late Miocene: Exploring dietary preferences related to size through dental microwear analysis

Orlandi-Oliveras

Köhler

Clavel³

et al. 2022

Palaeontol Electron

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The adaptive radiation of hipparionins after their Old World dispersal was linked with a trend towards smaller body sizes. The appearance of the small-sized forms has usually been associated to open environments and grazing diets. A recent approach, moreover, highlights the role of life history modifications related to habitat conditions as triggers of their size shifts. Here, we test the relationship between hipparionin size and diet analyzing the dental microwear textures of different-sized hipparionins from Vallesian and Turolian circum-Mediterranean localities. Our results show that hipparionins were mainly mixed-feeders and that there was no general link between body size and diet. However, we identified broader feeding spectra in western Mediterranean smaller forms and more specialized grazing diets in larger ones, a differentiation not found in the eastern Mediterranean hipparionins. At odds with the notion of more open habitats eastward, we detected a larger browsing component in eastern hipparionin diets. The consumption by extant equids of more woody browse during the dry season leads us to propose a greater seasonality as a possible cause. Considering the arguable role of external abrasives on the microwear, another interpretation might involve the presence of more grit in the eastern opener habitats. Interestingly, we found that sympatric hipparionins tend to have similar feeding habits, which points to the fact that their diets were influenced by the local environment. Our results, then, suggest that the small size of some hipparionins resulted from different selective pressures rather than to a general adaptation to increasing habitat opening.

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“…To the best of our knowledge, the DERs reported here for pig M 1 are the highest that have ever been recorded in brachydont cheek teeth. However, it is clear that the high EERs recorded in the cuspal crown regions of hypsodont cheek teeth of sheep (about 180 to 217 μm/day) (Green et al, 2017; Kierdorf et al, 2013; Witzel et al, 2018) and horses (350 to 400 μm/day) (Nacarino‐Meneses et al, 2017; Orlandi‐Oliveras et al, 2019) go along with equally high DERs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A labeling study of dentin formation rates during crown and root growth of porcine mandibular first molars

Emken,

Witzel,

Kierdorf

et al. 2023

The Anatomical Record

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We used fluorochrome labeling to study spatiotemporal variation of dentin apposition (DAR) and extension (DER) rates during crown and root formation of mandibular first molars from wild boar and domestic pigs. DAR was reconstructed along the course of dentinal tubules in four zones of the crown and in the upper root area. In all five zones, mean DAR increased during the first 30% to 40% of apposition, reaching highest values (22–23 μm/day) in the upper‐lateral crown zone. Lowest values were recorded near the dentin‐pulp interface (DPI). Typically, DARs in contemporaneously formed dentin areas were higher in more cuspally compared to more cervically/apically located zones. DER was high (>200 μm/day) in early postnatal crown dentin and then decreased markedly in cervical direction, with lowest values in the cervical crown zone. After this nadir, DER sharply increased in the upper 30% to 40% of the root extension, reaching values equaling (wild boar) or even surpassing (domestic pigs) those recorded in the upper lateral crown. After this peak, DER again decreased. While DAR did not differ markedly between wild boar and domestic pigs, the DER showed marked differences, both regarding maximum values (208.1 μm/day in wild boar, 272.2 μm/day in domestic pigs) and the timing of the root growth spurt, which occurred earlier in the domestic pigs. We consider the more rapid recruitment of secretory odontoblasts in domestic pigs (reflected by higher DER) a side effect of selection for rapid body growth during pig domestication.

show abstract

Dental histology of late Miocene hipparionins compared with extant Equus, and its implications for Equidae life history

Cited by 10 publications

References 94 publications

Wild boar versus domestic pig—Deciphering of crown growth in porcine second molars

Wild boar versus domestic pig—Deciphering of crown growth in porcine second molars

Feeding strategies of circum‑Mediterranean hipparionins during the late Miocene: Exploring dietary preferences related to size through dental microwear analysis

A labeling study of dentin formation rates during crown and root growth of porcine mandibular first molars

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