Dental injuries of permanent teeth treated in private practice in Athens

Abstract

Although there are several epidemiological studies on dental trauma internationally, there are not many studies that record, analyse and follow different kinds of dental trauma treated in a private office, and that evaluate how parameters such as type of dental trauma, as well as time lapse until treatment might influence the final outcome and the prognosis of the teeth. The sample consisted of 242 patients, 6-17 years of age, with 369 injured teeth treated within a period of 5 years. All the case were treated by the first author and were followed for at least 3 years. The treatment modalities used were based upon the clinical examination and the history of the case and included direct and indirect pulp capping, partial pulpotomy, pulpotomy, pulpectomy and splinting. The type of trauma was classified based on WHO classification partially modified. Seventy six percent of the teeth suffered only hard tissue injuries and 22% had only periodontal ligament PDL) trauma. Of the total number of teeth class I represented 3%, class II 59%, class III 20% and class IV 2%. Of the PDL injuries 14% of the teeth suffered concussion, 69% luxation and 17% exarticulation. The highest incidence of dental trauma was observed at the age of 10. Sixty eight percent of the patients sought treatment 3 days or more after the trauma had occurred delayed treatment), while only 32% within the first 3 days (immediate treatment). The main reasons for delayed treatment were neglect (50%) and unawareness 37%). Of the teeth with delayed treatment 43% became necrotic, while only 28% of the teeth that were treated on time needed pulpectomy. Luxations caused more pulp necrosis (46%) than Class I (0%) Class II (7%) or Class III (34%) type of trauma. The data from this study suggested that a most of the dental injuries on permanent teeth were class II or III type, b) a high percentage (68%) of the patients sought treatment more than 3 days after the injury (delayed treatment), c) delayed treatment caused more necrotic teeth, d) the public should be informed of the importance of immediate treatment in an effort to improve the prognosis of the pulp, e) dentists should be informed of the appropriate treatment of dental injuries since 10.3% of the cases were mistreated.

Dental Injuries in Association With Facial Fractures

“…This is in contrast to other studies, where lateral tooth dislocations primarily involved the maxillary front region. 15,[18][19][20] Avulsions and dislocations are typically observed in the front teeth, where the direct impact generates forces that tend to displace the coronal portion orally, causing displacement of the root in the other direction or, ultimately, even avulsion of the tooth. 6 Falls were the most common cause of facial fractures in this study.…”

“…[10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Avulsions were mostly observed in the maxilla, as found in other studies. [17][18][19][20][21][22] Lateral dislocations were found in the anterior segments of both jaws. This is in contrast to other studies, where lateral tooth dislocations primarily involved the maxillary front region.…”

Prevalence of dental trauma of permanent anterior teeth in children visiting College of Dentistry/Hawler Medical University

“…The highest occurrence of dental injury was found in the age interval of 9-10 years of age. 15,16,19,22,23 This could be attributed to the fact that children are usually more active in this period of life and often lack motoric coordination because of their developmental stage, 17 for this reason they cannot precisely evaluate velocity and danger. As they grow up, proneness to traumatic dental injuries is significantly reduced because of the decrease in predisposing factors indicated above.…”

“…24 According to the results of this study, the incidence of two injured teeth is more frequent in boys than in girls, which is similar to those of some recent studies. 11,15,18,[23][24][25][26][27] A possible cause of boys higher proneness to traumatic dental injuries could be their involvement in more aggressive sports, as well as their more violent behavior. 14-16,17.19,22,23 In general, high percentage of traumatic dental injuries to the maxillary teeth can be explained by the prominence of these teeth.…”

Predominant Causes and Types of Orofacial Injury in Children Attending Emergency Department

“…For example, there are many different specifications of dental and oral trauma reported in the literature. [7][8][9][10][11][12] Determining the incidence of a particular event requires information on the number of new cases in a specified time period divided by the number of persons exposed to the risk during this period. [7] The prevalence of orofacial trauma in various epidemiological studies has also been found to differ considerably.…”