Dental management of the patient with cardiac arrhythmias: an update

Effects of Piezoelectric Units on Pacemaker Function: An In Vitro Study

“…(15 cm from sensing arc) 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 Piezosurgery3 We are uncertain as to whether the different technical characteristics of the new piezoelectric and magnetostriction units led to different results. The first ICPs were manufactured with discrete electronic components encapsulated in a poorly shielded epoxy case that was prone to EMI (19). However, modern ICPs are immune to most sources of interference because they are equipped with an interference mode and are shielded in a stainless steel or titanium case.…”

The effects of six electronic apex locators on pacemaker function: an in vitro study

“…The first ICPs were manufactured with discrete electronic components encapsulated in a poorly shielded epoxy case that was prone to EMI (Rhodus & Little ). However, modern ICPs are immune to most sources of interference, because they are equipped with an interference mode and are shielded in a stainless steel or titanium case.…”

Hydroxychloroquine and the treatment of Sjogren syndrome, chronic ulcerative stomatitis, and oral lichen planus in the age of COVID-19

“…Epinephrine definitely has b 1 effects that result in increased heart rate; however, it also is important with respect to pain control, and lack of pain control tends to result in increased endogenous production of norepinephrine, which is more problematic with respect to both heart rate and blood pressure. 28,[45][46][47][48] In 2006, Karp and Moss 43 defended their recommendations regarding epinephrine risks with respect to LQTS by stating, "Epinephrine-containing local anesthetics have never been shown to be safe and effective for patients with LQTS." However, in 2007, Wynn 49 reported that articaine 4% with 1:200,000 epinephrine was deemed safe and effective in dental patients with LQTS.…”

“…They also discouraged the use of epinephrine within local anesthetic formulations for patients with LQTS (although there is disagreement on this issue). [45][46][47][48][49] With respect to the treatment for TdP arrhythmia, Rochford and Seldin 18 advocated immediate intravenous bolus of magnesium sulfate at 30 mg/kg over a 2-to 3-minute period, followed by an infusion of 2 to 4 mg of magnesium sulfate per minute. They concluded that treating dental patients with LQTS requires understanding of the seriousness of LQTS and the elimination of precipitating factors that could elicit TdP arrhythmia.…”