Dental Plaque Biofilm: Development, Pathogenicity and Analysis

Abstract

Biofilms are communities of microorganisms which are found attached to a surface. They develop on both biotic and abiotic surfaces and could act as a source of infection. The development of biofilms is a complex process and it involves several steps such as initial adhesion, reversible binding of bacteria to the solid surface, production of exopolysaccharide matrix, irreversible binding to the surface, maturation of biofilm structure, disintegration and dispersion of organized structure and the formation of new habitats. The biofilm exhibits unique properties of protecting host defences and desiccation, persistence in the flowing system, heterogeneity, spatial organization and resistance to antimicrobial agents through its ability to influence gene expression and phenotype. Quorum sensing, a means of the cell to cell communication is closely interconnected to the development of biofilm formation and inhibition. The dental plaque is the most common and well known oral biofilm. The preponderance of biofilm-associated diseases and its resistance in eradication has potentiated the need for further research in this field. Hence, the purpose of the review is to enlighten the importance of dental plaque as a biofilm, its properties, pathogenicity and analysis of biofilm. Keywords: Biofilms, Dental Plaque, Microbiome, Quorum sensing.