Dental remains of cebid platyrrhines from the earliest late Miocene of Western Amazonia, Peru: Macroevolutionary implications on the extant capuchin and marmoset lineages

Abstract

This contribution contains the 3D models of the isolated teeth attributed to stem representatives of the Cebuella and Cebus lineages (Cebuella sp. and Cebus sp.), described and figured in the following publication: Marivaux et al. (2016), Dental remains of cebid platyrrhines from the earliest late Miocene of Western Amazonia, Peru: macroevolutionary implications on the extant capuchin and marmoset lineages. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. http://dx.

The evolution of the platyrrhine talus: A comparative analysis of the phenetic affinities of the Miocene platyrrhines with their modern relatives

“…The Madre de Dios talus found in Peruvian Amazonia represents the first early Miocene platyrrhine from northern South America ( Marivaux et al., 2012 ), although recent findings have provided more specimens from the late Miocene of the Peruvian Amazonia belonging to two distinct Cebidae ( Marivaux et al., 2016b ). In addition to these discoveries, the Peruvian Amazonia has recently provided interesting new findings that contribute to the understanding of early platyrrhine evolution ( Bond et al., 2015 , Marivaux et al., 2016a , Marivaux et al., 2016b ).…”

“…The Madre de Dios talus found in Peruvian Amazonia represents the first early Miocene platyrrhine from northern South America ( Marivaux et al., 2012 ), although recent findings have provided more specimens from the late Miocene of the Peruvian Amazonia belonging to two distinct Cebidae ( Marivaux et al., 2016b ). In addition to these discoveries, the Peruvian Amazonia has recently provided interesting new findings that contribute to the understanding of early platyrrhine evolution ( Bond et al., 2015 , Marivaux et al., 2016a , Marivaux et al., 2016b ). The discovery of P. ucayaliensis from the latest Eocene or Early Oligocene ( Bond et al., 2015 ) and C. amazonensis ( Marivaux et al., 2016a ) from the Late Oligocene, clearly indicates that platyrrhines were well-established in the Amazonian Basin early, thus confirming the expected distribution of NWM in the Neotropics ( Marivaux et al., 2016a , Marivaux et al., 2016b ).…”

“…In addition to these discoveries, the Peruvian Amazonia has recently provided interesting new findings that contribute to the understanding of early platyrrhine evolution ( Bond et al., 2015 , Marivaux et al., 2016a , Marivaux et al., 2016b ). The discovery of P. ucayaliensis from the latest Eocene or Early Oligocene ( Bond et al., 2015 ) and C. amazonensis ( Marivaux et al., 2016a ) from the Late Oligocene, clearly indicates that platyrrhines were well-established in the Amazonian Basin early, thus confirming the expected distribution of NWM in the Neotropics ( Marivaux et al., 2016a , Marivaux et al., 2016b ). Given that the Madre de Dios talus is a rare example of the NWM postcranial fossil record in Peruvian Amazonia, analyzing it is highly relevant.…”

“…Interestingly, most of the fossil platyrrhine species of the early Miocene have been found at middle and high latitudes (i.e., central Chile and Patagonia), which are areas that are nowadays uninhabited by non-human primates ( Bordas, 1942 , Fleagle and Bown, 1983 , Fleagle et al., 1987 , Fleagle and Kay, 1989 , Fleagle, 1990 , Meldrum, 1990 , Flynn et al., 1995 , Tejedor, 2002 , Tejedor, 2003 , Tejedor, 2005a , Tejedor, 2005b ), as well as one from a tropical-equatorial area (i.e., Peruvian Amazonia) ( Marivaux et al., 2012 ) and one from Panama ( Bloch et al., 2016 ). Even though the NWM fossil record has improved considerably over the past several years ( Tejedor, 2008 , Bond et al., 2015 , Kay, 2015a , Bloch et al., 2016 , Marivaux et al., 2016a , Marivaux et al., 2016b ), it is still difficult to trace the origin of major modern clades (i.e., Atelidae, Pitheciidae and Cebidae), especially considering that some of the earliest fossil taxa may fall outside the crown radiation ( Kay et al., 2008 , Hodgson et al., 2009 , Kay and Fleagle, 2010 , Youlatos and Meldrum, 2011 ; but for a different opinion see Schrago, 2007 , Rosenberger, 2010 ). There are two diverging positions regarding the relationship between the early platyrrhine fossils and the modern species that have been proposed: the long lineage hypothesis (LLH) and the stem platyrrhine hypothesis (SPH) ( Kay et al., 2008 ).…”

Previously unknown fossil platyrrhines (Primates) of Patagonia from the Tournouër collection at the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris

“…The oldest records are from ?late Eocene of Santa Rosa, Peru (Bond et al 2015). But the richest locality based on the taxonomic diversity and number of primate specimens, are the middle Miocene La Venta localities in Colombia, with 11 genera, followed by the Miocene localities of Patagonia, with 8 genera (see Tejedor & Novo 2017, and the recent discoveries by Marivaux et al 2016).…”