Dental Status of Hiv-Infected Patients in the City of Tyumen and Tyumen District

Abstract

Aim. Determination of dental status and identification of its relationship with the level of CD4 lymphocytes in patients with HIV infection. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the State Budgetary Institution "Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS", Tyumen. The subjects of the study were HIV-infected patients taking antiretroviral therapy. The patients were examined during a routine appointment with an infectious disease specialist: the condition of the oral mucosa, hard tissues of the teeth and periodontium was assessed. For the purpose of a retrospective study, the medical records of HIV-infected patients were analyzed from January 2020 to February 2023. Results and its discussion. Clinical examination of patients with HIV infection revealed a fairly high prevalence of dental diseases. High activity of the carious process was diagnosed in 100% of cases – the caries intensity index averaged 18. As the number of CD4 lymphocytes decreased, there was a tendency to increase the level of caries intensity. The examined patients had unsatisfactory oral hygiene, severe bleeding gums, the presence of supra- and subgingival mineralized dental deposits, and periodontal pockets. 7% of all HIV-infected patients in the city of Tyumen and the Tyumen region have the following diseases of the oral mucosa: candidiasis and herpetic stomatitis, hairy leukoplakia, Kaposi's sarcoma. Conclusion. HIV-infected patients had very high and high levels of caries intensity, poor oral hygiene, severe gingivitis, and a high level of need for periodontal treatment. In the structure of diseases of the oral mucosa, candidal stomatitis takes the leading place. A relationship was revealed between the dental status of patients with HIV infection and the level of CD4 lymphocytes.