Dentate gyrus and spatial behaviour

Xavier, Gilberto Fernando; Costa, Valéria Catelli Infantozzi

doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.03.036

Cited by 68 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Beyond a specific role in pattern separation the DG has typically been considered a key player in the acquisition and encoding of spatial and contextual information by the hippocampus (see Rolls and Kesner 2006;Kesner 2007Kesner , 2013Xavier and Costa 2009). Recently, using optogenetic manipulation of the entire GC population that allowed transient and reversible excitation or inhibition, we found evidence that GCs are required for encoding of contextual memories but not for their retrieval (Kheirbek et al 2013).…”

Section: Contextual and Spatial Memorymentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The DG is also theorized to be involved in other important aspects of memory encoding, including conjunctive encoding, context-object recognition, and pattern separation in modalities other than contextual encoding (see Xavier and Costa 2009;Kesner 2013). For example, it is of note that the two bands of entorhinal cortical input carry both spatial (medial EC) and nonspatial (lateral EC) input (Hargreaves et al 2005) and the ventral DG specifically appears to mediate discriminative memorization of closely related odors (Kesner et al 2011).…”

Section: The Mammalian Dentate Gyrusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adult neurogenesis in the mammalian hippocampus: Why the dentate gyrus?

2013

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In the adult mammalian brain, newly generated neurons are continuously incorporated into two networks: interneurons born in the subventricular zone migrate to the olfactory bulb, whereas the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus integrates locally born principal neurons. That the rest of the mammalian brain loses significant neurogenic capacity after the perinatal period suggests that unique aspects of the structure and function of DG and olfactory bulb circuits allow them to benefit from the adult generation of neurons. In this review, we consider the distinctive features of the DG that may account for it being able to profit from this singular form of neural plasticity. Approaches to the problem of neurogenesis are grouped as “bottom-up,” where the phenotype of adult-born granule cells is contrasted to that of mature developmentally born granule cells, and “top-down,” where the impact of altering the amount of neurogenesis on behavior is examined. We end by considering the primary implications of these two approaches and future directions.

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Section: Contextual and Spatial Memorymentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: The Mammalian Dentate Gyrusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult neurogenesis in the mammalian hippocampus: Why the dentate gyrus?

2013

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“…While both wild type and constitutive 4 Insights into 5-HT 2C Receptor Function 5-HT 2C R -/Y mice demonstrated similar performances in learning trials to find the location of the submerged platform, constitutive 5-HT 2C R -/Y mutant mice did not focus their search within the trained quadrant on performance of the "probe" trial. This deficit in place memory is often observed in animals with deficits in information processing at the perforant path to dentate gyrus synapse (Xavier and Costa 2009). Of note, no genotypic differences in "freezing" behavior evoked by exposure to an environment where the mice had previously received a mild aversive stimulus were observed.…”

Section: -Ht 2c R-mediated Contributions To Cognitive Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Insights into 5-HT2C Receptor Function Gained from Transgenic Mouse Models

Bonasera

2010

5-Ht2c Receptors in the Pathophysiology of CNS Disease

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Reliable methods to generate specific DNA constructs targeted to specific regions of the mouse genome, in combination with advances in mouse embryonic stem cell technology, make it now possible to create lesions of any mouse gene locus of interest (for reviews, see Bonasera and Tecott 2000;Gaveriaux-Ruff and Kieffer 2007;Miyoshi and Fishell 2006). Mouse models generated using these kinds of genetic "dissecting tools" provide powerful and unique insights into the functional roles of specific genes at many different scales of organization. In fact, recently developed approaches allow the investigator to limit transgene expression to a specific developmental line of cells or switch transgene expression in response to drugs or introduction of viral vectors. These techniques offer a nearly limitless palette of tools for mechanistic studies associating gene expression with gene function. As long as one keeps in mind the limitations of these approaches, transgenic mouse models will remain important tools to elucidate the role that specific molecules contribute in organism development, cellular and tissue physiology, whole organ function, and organization of animal behavior.Our current understanding of how serotonin-2C receptors (5-HT 2C Rs) influence central nervous system (CNS) development, neuronal physiology, and whole animal behavior owes much to the above-mentioned transgenic mouse technology. Currently, intense study has focused on the first 5-HT 2C R transgenic mouse model initially developed in the laboratory of Laurence H. Tecott (Tecott et al. 1995). In this model, a targeting vector complementary to the htr2c 5th-exon coding region containing an in-frame stop mutation was introduced into mouse embryonic stem cells. Mice derived from these embryonic stem cells were screened for animals that had the mutation present in germ line cells. These chimeras were the founders of the

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“…90 Recientemente demostramos, en cultivos organotípicos de hipocampo, que la MEL incrementa la formación de dendritas así como su alargamiento y su complejidad, con un tiempo óptimo de seis horas en cultivo, en las neuronas e interneuronas de la zona del hilus que forma parte del circuito trisináptico del hipocampo y que tiene un papel clave en la integración de la memoria espacial. 52,91,92 Estos efectos fueron dependientes de la concentración y se obtuvo una respuesta máxima con una concentración de 10 -7 M de MEL. En esta respuesta participa la CaM cinasa II ya que la formación de las dendritas no se estimula por MEL en presencia del inhibidor específico de esta enzima KN-62 y del inhibidor específico de la PKC, la bisindolilmaleimida (datos no publicados).…”

Section: La Melatonina Estimula La Neuritogénesis Temprana Y La Dendrunclassified

La melatonina como un factor promotor de la diferenciación neuronal: implicaciones en el tratamiento de las demencias

et al. 2013

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SUMMARYDementias are progressive and neurodegenerative neuropsychiatric disorders, with a high worldwide prevalence. These disorders affect memory and behavior, causing impairment in the performance of daily activities and general disability in the elders. Cognitive impairment in these patients is related to anatomical and structural alterations at cellular and sub-cellular levels in the Central Nervous System. In particular, amyloid plaques and neurofibrillar tangles have been defined as histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Likewise, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are implicated in the etiology and progression of the disease.Neuronal precursors from human olfactory neuroepithelium have been recently characterized as an experimental model to identify neuropsychiatric disease biomarkers. Moreover, this model not only allows the study of neuropsychiatric physiopathology, but also the process of neurodevelopment at cellular, molecular and pharmacological levels.This review gathers the evidence to support the potential therapeutic use of melatonin for dementias, based on its antioxidant properties, its anti-inflammatory effect in the brain, and its ability to inhibit both tau hyper-phosphorylation and amyloid plaque formation. Furthermore, since melatonin stimulates neurogenesis, and promotes neuronal differentiation by inducing the early stages of neuritogenesis and dendrite formation, it has been suggested that melatonin could be useful to counteract the cognitive impairment in dementia patients.Key words: Melatonin, dementia, biomarkers, neuroepithelium, neuritogenesis. RESUMENLas demencias son enfermedades neuropsiquiátricas, progresivas, neurodegenerativas y con una alta prevalencia a nivel mundial. Ocupan uno de los primeros lugares como enfermedades que causan incapacidad en los adultos mayores. En estos pacientes el Sistema Nervioso Central presenta alteraciones anatómico-estructurales a nivel celular y subcelular que se asocian con deficiencias cognitivas. En particular, en la enfermedad de Alzheimer se han caracterizado marcadores histopatológicos como las placas amiloides y las marañas neurofibrilares. Se sabe que el estrés oxidativo y la neuroinflamación participan en la etiología y el desarrollo de la enfermedad. Recientemente se caracterizó a los precursores neuronales del neuroepitelio olfatorio humano como un modelo experimental adecuado para identificar biomarcadores de rasgo y para estudiar la fisiopatología de diversas enfermedades neuropsiquiátricas, así como el proceso del neurodesarrollo, a nivel celular, molecular y farmacológico. En este trabajo se presenta la evidencia que sustenta que la melatonina puede ser útil en el tratamiento de las demencias, por su capacidad antioxidante, por su efecto anti-inflamatorio, así como por el efecto inhibidor de la hiperfosforilación de la proteina tau y de la formación de placas amiloides. Además, al estimular la formación de nuevas neuronas, la neuritogénesis en sus etapas tempranas y la formación de dendritas, la melatonina podría...

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Dentate gyrus and spatial behaviour

Cited by 68 publications

References 89 publications

Adult neurogenesis in the mammalian hippocampus: Why the dentate gyrus?

Adult neurogenesis in the mammalian hippocampus: Why the dentate gyrus?

Insights into 5-HT2C Receptor Function Gained from Transgenic Mouse Models

La melatonina como un factor promotor de la diferenciación neuronal: implicaciones en el tratamiento de las demencias

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