Deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and T-2 in grain based swine feed in Hungary

Abstract

Fusarium genera can produce trichothecenes like deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN) and T-2 toxin, which can occur in feed cereal grains. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) tests of different Hungarian swine feedstuff proved that these mycotoxins were present. In this survey, 45 feed samples from 3 significant Hungarian swine feedstuff manufacturers were tested. ELISA methodology validation showed mean recovery rates in ranges from 85.3% to 98.1%, with intermediate precision of 86.9-96.9% and variation coefficients of 3.4-5.7% and 5.9-7.1%, respectively. The results showed that among Fusarium toxins, generally DON was present in the highest concentration, followed by T-2 and finally ZEN in all tested swine feeds. Each of the mycotoxins was found above the limit of detection in all swine feedstuffs. Boars feed's DON (average ± standard deviation was 872 ± 139 µg kg) and ZEN (172 ± 18 µg kg) results of one of the manufacturers were above the guidance values. It indicates the necessity for efficient monitoring of DON, ZEN and T-2 mycotoxins in swine feeds.

Ochratoxin A and zearalenone in poultry feed samples from South China

“…These studies have described numerous adverse effects of mycotoxin on human and animal health. similar to the results of the present study (Tima et al, 2016). In 2018,…”

“…These studies have described numerous adverse effects of mycotoxin on human and animal health. Tima et al surveyed 45 feed samples from three major Hungarian swine feedstuff manufacturers and detected ZEA in all tested samples, similar to the results of the present study (Tima et al, 2016). In 2018, Hassan et al detected mycotoxins in cereals used as animal feed in a Qatari market; OTA was detected in 44% of mixed cereals, 40% of corn samples, and 60% of wheat and wheat bran samples.…”

“…The main ingredient in our poultry feed samples was corn, and this may have been the reason for the higher detection rate of ZEA, which is commonly detected in corn and corn‐based products. Previous studies on OTA and ZEA contamination have focused on all types of animal feeds (Kim et al, 2017; Tima, Rácz, Guld, Mohácsi‐Farkas, & Kiskó, 2016). These studies have described numerous adverse effects of mycotoxin on human and animal health.…”

Cell-type specific effects ofFusariummycotoxins on primary neuronal and astroglial cells

“…Deoxynivalenol is one of the most abundant Fusarium mycotoxins. In the last two decades, several studies indicated DON contamination in harvested cereals and animal feeds (Tima et al 2016a, b) and revealed exposures above the tolerable daily intake (TDI: 1μg/ bw kg) to DON in the German and Austrian populations (Warth et al 2012; Gerding et al 2014) where the provisional daily intake (PDI) exceeded the TDI in 12% or 33% of the volunteers, respectively. As some effects triggered by DON can occur in vivo in the brain at concentrations close to the TDI (Maresca 2013), neurological damage is a risk.…”

Effective protective agents against the organ toxicity of T-2 toxin and corresponding detoxification mechanisms: A narrative review

“…T-2 toxin (T-2) is one of the most toxic fungal toxins and is the most common cause of poisoning in humans and animals resulting from the consumption of contaminated cereal food and feed ( Tima et al., 2016 ; Van Der Fels-Klerx et al., 2012 ). The food and feedstuff most frequently contaminated with T-2 include wheat, maize, barley, oats and rye, along with their processed products, which results in huge economic losses ( Tutelyan et al., 2013 ; Zakharova et al., 2009 ).…”