Deoxyribonucleic Acid Base Composition of Some Species within the Genus Candida

Stenderup, A; Bak, A. Leth

doi:10.1099/00221287-52-2-231

Cited by 72 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The predicted molecular weight agreed with the observed molecular weight of the native protein (34,500) determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The G+C content of the sequenced region, 33.2%, was in good agreement with the 35.1% G+C content that has been calculated for C. albicans (28). Codon usage showed a very strong preference for A or T in position 3.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

Cloning, purification, and properties of Candida albicans thymidylate synthase

et al. 1989

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The thymidylate synthase (TS) gene was isolated from a genomic Candida albicans library by functional complementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain deficient in TS. The gene was localized on a 4-kilobase HindIll DNA fragment and was shown to be expressed in a Thy-strain of Escherichia coi. The Thymidylate synthase (TS) has been characterized from a wide variety of organisms and is a proven target in cancer chemotherapy (25). TS should be a good chemotherapeutic target in Candida albicans, a common fungal pathogen, since the product of the enzyme, dTMP, can only be synthesized de novo in yeasts; they lack thymidine kinase and are impermeable to thymine, thymidine, and dTMP (6). Effective inhibition of TS in yeasts would result in death, since these organisms are unable to produce their own dTMP or obtain it from the environment. 5-Fluorocytosine inhibits C. albicans and several other fungi both in vitro and in vivo (3). Furthermore, treatment of C. albicans with 5-fluorocytosine (9) results in 5-fluoro-dUMP accumulation and inhibition of TS, thus implicating this enzyme as a chemotherapeutic target in fungi.Information obtained from the characterization of target enzymes in vitro has contributed to the design of new potential chemotherapeutic agents. Such studies are facilitated by the availability of large quantities of pure enzyme. Since low levels of TS are present in cultures of C. albicans, the cloning and overexpression of C. albicans TS in Escherichia coli was undertaken. We report the isolation of the C. albicans TS gene by functional complementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain deficient in TS. The gene was sequenced with about 400 base pairs (bp) of DNA 5' to the gene and a short 3'-flanking region and expressed in E. coli by using a T7 expression vector. The purified enzyme from both C. albicans and E. coli was prepared, and its properties were examined to ensure that the cloned TS enzyme as expressed in E. coli was identical to the native TS enzyme of C. albicans. MATERIALS AND METHODSStrains, plasmids, and media. isolated as a pool of 8-to 10-kilobase-pair (kb) fragments, into the BamHI site of the low-copy-number S. cerevisiae-E. coli shuttle vector pYSK35 (Fig. 1). The S. cerevisiae-E. coli shuttle vector YEp13 (8)

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

Cloning, purification, and properties of Candida albicans thymidylate synthase

et al. 1989

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“…VAN UDEN and BUCKLEY (28) regarded Trich, lodderi as a synonym of Candida tropicalis. However, Trich, lodderi showed a GC content of 45.6% which differed from the value (33.9-34.9%) found in C. tropicalis (7,29,30). This species is considered to be different from C. tropicalis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 41%

Dna Base Composition of Some Species of Yeasts and Yeast-Like Fungi

Nakase

Komagata

1971

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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DNA base composition (GC content) of 44 strains of yeasts and yeastlike fungi which represent 36 species belonging to 19 genera was calculated from the thermal denaturation temperature (Tm) of DNA. The GC content of these fungi ranged from 31.5 to 62.7%. Three species of Rhodosporidium showed GC values of 50.5%, 64.9-65.4%, and 67.1-67.3%, respectively, and were considered to be well-defined species. Seven species of Tremella showed a GC content of 47.6-58.5% which fell within the range of that reported in Cryptococcus.Three species of Protomyces and one species of Taphrina showed a GC content (52.0-52.4%) similar to one another, and the close relation assumed between these genera was supported.Endomycopsis javanensis and E, capsularis showed GC values of 31.5% and 43.4%, respectively, which were low and high extremes of this genus. Three species of Trichosporon showed the GC content in the range of 45.6 to 62.7%. Trichosporon lodderi, which is now regarded as a synonym for Candida tropicalis, showed a GC content of 45.6% which was about 10% higher than that of C. tropicalis. This species is considered to be different from C, tropicalis.Sterigmatomyces elviae showed a GC content of 51.5% and demonstrated strong urease activity, and is assumed to be related to heterobasidiomycetes.

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“…The range of GC content found in these genera are considered too large to regard the members of the respective genus as a homogeneous taxonomic group, though such cases are also found in many sporogenous and asporogenous genera of yeasts (1,(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)). According to STORCK et al (3), certain species of Cryptococcus and Rhodotorula have a considerable variation in their GC content within the species and are considered to be poorly delimited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of Dna Base Composition in the Classification of Yeast Genera Cryptococcus and Rhodotorula

Nakase

Komagata

1971

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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DNA base composition (GC content) of 20 strains of Cryptococcus and 38 strains of Rhodotorula was investigated. Cryptococci employed exhibited the GC content of 49.0-59.5%, and were c i sided into 2 groups on the basis of their GC content as shown by Storck et al. The first group showed GC content of 58.8-59.5%, and comprised 5 strains representing 3 species. The second group exhibited GC content of 49.0-54.90, and comprised 15 strains belonging to 10 taxa. The members of Rhodotorula showed the GC content of 50.0-68.5%, and were divided into 4 groups. The first group showed GC content of 66.8-68.5%, and consisted of 7 strains belonging to R. infirmominiata and R. glutinis. The second group showed GC content of 60.0-61.2%, and comprised 18 strains belonging to R. glutinis, R. glutinis var. dairenensis, R. glutinis var. ru fusa, R. rubra, and R. pilimanae. The third group showed the GC content of 55.4-58.8%, and comprised 3 strains belonging to R. crocea, R. glutinis var. aurantiaca, and R. lactosa. The last group showed the GC content of 50.0-51.0%, and comprised 9 strains belonging to R. lactosa, R. pallida, R. minuta, R. marina, R. slooli, R. zsoltii, and R. texensis. This grouping based on GC content agreed fairly well with that of Hasegawa based on requirement of specific vitamin, iodine reaction of culture broth, assimilability of lactose, optimum temperature for growth, and antigenic structure. Large intraspecific variations of GC content found in C. luteolus, C. laurentii, R. glutinis, and R. lactosa suggested the inadequateness of criteria presently employed in the classification of Rhodotorula and Cryptococcus.In the previous work (1), the present authors reported the DNA base composition (GC content) of a few species of Cryptococcus and Rhodotorula, and found that GC content of these yeasts varied widely from species to species within the genus and was higher than those of Sac~haromycetaceae as STORCK (2)

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Deoxyribonucleic Acid Base Composition of Some Species within the Genus Candida

Cited by 72 publications

References 8 publications

Cloning, purification, and properties of Candida albicans thymidylate synthase

Cloning, purification, and properties of Candida albicans thymidylate synthase

Dna Base Composition of Some Species of Yeasts and Yeast-Like Fungi

Significance of Dna Base Composition in the Classification of Yeast Genera Cryptococcus and Rhodotorula

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