Dependence of heat island phenomena on stable stratification and heat quantity in a calm environment

Noto, Katsuhisa

doi:10.1016/1352-2310(95)00135-2

Cited by 37 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Urban heat island sources that are advected and diffused through the urban area contribute to the creation of temperature gradients and upstream and downstream thermals, an effect that has been examined in laboratory models under calm and stratified conditions (Noto, 1996). Any intense updraft of this thermally warm core, with greater moisture content, contributes to vertical clouds, moist convection, and storm formation (Baik et al, 2001).…”

Section: Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land Use and Land Cover Effects on Runoff Processes: Urban and Suburban Development

Endreny

2005

Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences

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Urban and suburban development alters watershed imperviousness and connectivity, resulting in alterations to the hydrologic and hydraulic runoff response. Stormwater conveyance devices have been incorporated into most development to address the goal of floodwater removal for protection of life and property. Urban and suburban development laws generally consider the stormwater drainage system as part of the basic infrastructure and leave right of way and space to locate the component parts. Drainage systems are designed to protect life, enable vehicular access, extend pavement life cycle, control the volume and velocity of stormwater runoff along curbs and gutters, and convey stormwater runoff to natural or human constructed drainage ways and receiving waters. Engineering equations have been developed to design construction for optimal runoff behavior, such as timing, volume, and rate, into, through, and from conveyance devices. Design equations are also utilized for assessing the performance of constructed environments, to ascertain whether stormwater devices need rehabilitation or expansion. New frontiers in stormwater include model spatially distributed development that incorporates high‐density elevation maps, radar rainfall, and details of remotely sensed infrastructure as well as ecological restoration simulation, including groundwater and river remediation for wildlife and recreation.

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Section: Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land Use and Land Cover Effects on Runoff Processes: Urban and Suburban Development

Endreny

2005

Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences

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“…Several laboratory simulations have helped to describe the local circulation and temperature fields produced by the UHI Cermak 1974, 1975;Kimura 1975;Sethuraman and Cermak 1975;Torrance 1979;Giovannoni 1987;Noto 1996;Lu et al 1997aLu et al , 1997b. In these studies, basic characteristics of the nocturnal UHI, such as the mean temperature field, mixing height, and heat-island intensity, are described experimentally as functions of surface heating rates (or surface temperature perturbations), heat-island size, ambient temperature gradient, and ambient wind velocity.…”

Section: A Urban Atmospheric Boundary Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Urban Meteorology :A Review

Kanda

2007

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

101

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This paper reviews the progress made in urban meteorology over the past few decades. The focus is on the impact of urban surfaces on the overlying atmosphere along the conventional meteorological frameworks. Section 1 details the difficulties in generalizing urban surfaces in a meteorological sense because of surface diversity, and considers whether conventional similarity law is applicable. Section 2 describes the characteristics of urban surfaces as the bottom boundary of the atmosphere and includes a discussion of land surface parameters and the resultant surface energy partitioning. Section 3 explains characteristics of the urban atmosphere, including temperature fields, local circulations and rainfall. Section 4 describes recent progress in numerical modeling and promising new technologies, thus revealing a possible future direction for urban meteorological studies.

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“…Noto, 1996;Lu et al, 1997a,b), by using numerical models (e.g. Delage and Taylor, 1970;Baik et al, 2001) and by using analytic models (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daytime urban breeze circulation and its interaction with convective cells

Ryu

Baik

Han

2012

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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The structure and evolution of daytime urban breeze circulation (UBC) and its interaction with convective cells in two dimensions are examined through highresolution numerical model simulation. The UBC is the thermally forced, solenoidal circulation that results from the difference in surface energy balance between the urban and rural areas. As the temperature excess in the urban area increases, the UBC becomes larger and stronger with time and the two urban-breeze fronts (the leading edges of the UBC) that initially form at the urban-rural boundaries in the morning move toward the urban centre. Meanwhile, due to strong surface heating in the daytime, a number of convective cells form in both the rural and urban areas and the different characteristics between rural and urban convective cells are identified. The aspect ratio of the urban cells is smaller than that of the rural cells, which is partly attributed to the deeper urban boundary layer. The cell updrafts originating from the urban area are stronger, warmer and drier than those from the rural area. As the UBC develops, the convective cells that form in the rural area are advected toward the urban area by the UBC. Under the influence of the UBC, the cell updrafts originating from the rural area weaken and the water vapour mixing ratio in the updrafts decreases. As the cell updrafts originating from both the rural and urban areas merge with the urban-breeze front, the front intensity increases and the water vapour mixing ratio at the front is modulated.

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Dependence of heat island phenomena on stable stratification and heat quantity in a calm environment

Cited by 37 publications

References 14 publications

Land Use and Land Cover Effects on Runoff Processes: Urban and Suburban Development

Land Use and Land Cover Effects on Runoff Processes: Urban and Suburban Development

Progress in Urban Meteorology :A Review

Daytime urban breeze circulation and its interaction with convective cells

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