Dependence of phytoplankton carbon isotopic composition on growth rate and [CO2)aq: Theoretical considerations and experimental results

Laws, Edward A.; Popp, Brian N.; Bidigare, J Robert R.; Kennicutt, Mahlon C.; Macko, Stephen A.

doi:10.1016/0016-7037(95)00030-4

Cited by 711 publications

(607 citation statements)

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“…Temperature has only a minor influence on isotope fractionation between gaseous and dissolved CO 2 [Vogel et al, 1970] and anyway large regional variations in the d 13 C of dissolved CO 2 have already been ruled out [Rau et al, 1982[Rau et al, , 1989. True, temperature influences dissolved CO 2 solubility and therefore concentrations [Rau et al, 1989;Goericke and Fry, 1994] and it affects phytoplankton growth rates and the expression of carbon isotope fractionation [Rau et al, 1992[Rau et al, , 1996François et al, 1993;Goericke and Fry, 1994;Laws et al, 1995;Dehairs et al, 1997] in ways that might translate into variability in the d 13 C of organic matter. But SSTs reconstructed via diatombased transfer functions for the three sediment core sites reported here indicate little variation in temperature between these sites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ Laws et al, 1995;Rau et al, 1996Rau et al, , 1997Hofmann et al, 2000]. Because of this multiplicity of factors, phytoplankton d 13 C cannot be precisely or quantitatively used as a proxy for primary production or CO 2 concentrations [Laws et al, 1995].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of this multiplicity of factors, phytoplankton d 13 C cannot be precisely or quantitatively used as a proxy for primary production or CO 2 concentrations [Laws et al, 1995]. In addition, different forms and subtle differences in the same forms of Rubisco mean that different phytoplankton species have different values of e f [Scott et al, 2007].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, different forms and subtle differences in the same forms of Rubisco mean that different phytoplankton species have different values of e f [Scott et al, 2007]. Phytoplankton growth rates, cell size, cell shape, and the potential use of carbon concentrating mechanisms all affect the balance between c i and c e , allowing for greater or less extent of the carbon isotope fractionation associated with CO 2 fixation by Rubisco to be expressed (see equation (1)) [Laws et al, 1995;Rau et al, 1996Rau et al, , 1997Rau et al, , 2001.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This material has not been well characterized and there is no strong sense for how variable its composition is between species or among members of the same species growing under different conditions (although it is well known that diatom cell wall material as a whole, in terms of the types and relative proportions of its sugars and amino acids, is quite variable from species to species and with environmental conditions [Hecky et al, 1973]). In addition, the culturing studies that have been carried out on C and N isotopic fractionation by diatoms have focused on the isotopic composition of the whole cell (i.e., including the cytoplasm in addition to the cell wall) and not specifically the isotopic composition of the material occluded within the matrix of the silica [Hinga et al, 1994;Laws et al, 1995;Needoba et al, 2003].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diatom δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, and C/N since the Last Glacial Maximum in the Southern Ocean: Potential impact of Species Composition

et al. 2008

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[1] Measurements of d 13 C, d 15 N, and C/N on diatom-bound organic matter were made over the Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) from three sediment cores in the Southern Ocean, one each from the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific sectors. The site in the Scotia Sea (Atlantic sector) differed considerably from the other two sites by having markedly lower d 13 C, more variable d 15 N and C/N ratios, and a sedimentary diatom assemblage that was never dominated by Fragilariopsis kerguelensis. Although environmental parameters certainly have a strong impact on the isotope ratios, d 13 C is also correlated to the proportion of F. kerguelensis in the three cores investigated here (r 2 = 0.8). Extreme values of d 13 C, d 15 N, and C/N at the Last Glacial Maximum were also related to the abundance of winter stages of Eucampia antarctica. These results suggest that diatom specific isotope records should be interpreted in conjunction with information on the species composition of the samples.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diatom δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, and C/N since the Last Glacial Maximum in the Southern Ocean: Potential impact of Species Composition

et al. 2008

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Isotopic composition and speciation of sedimentary nitrogen and carbon in the Okinawa Trough over the past 30 ka

et al. 2015

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Total organic carbon to total nitrogen ratios (C/N) and their isotopic compositions (δ 13 C TOC and δ 15 N TN ) are oft-applied proxies to discern terrigenous from marine-sourced organics and to unravel ancient environmental information. In high depositional Asian marginal seas, the inclusion of N-bearing minerals in the bulk sediment dilutes or masks signals sought after in δ 15 N and δ 13 C analyses, thus leading to incorrect and even contradictory interpretations. We used KOH-KOBr to separate operationally defined total organic matter into oxidizable (labile) and residual fractions for content and isotope measurements. In a sediment core in the Okinawa Trough, significant amounts of carbon and nitrogen existed in the residual phase, in which the C/N ratio was~9, resembling most documented sedimentary bulk C/N ratios in the China marginal seas. The residual carbon, which was included in operationally defined total organic carbon (TOC), displayed a δ 13 C range (À22.7 to À18.9‰, mean À20.7‰) similar to the oft-used marine end-member. After removing the interference from the residual fraction, we found that the temporal pattern of δ 13 C LOC (LOC denotes labile organic carbon) was more variable. The residual nitrogen content was associated with illite, suggesting a terrestrial origin. Additionally, δ 15 N in the residual fraction likely reflected the climatic controls (e.g., precipitation) on lithogenic source materials. Further studies are required to explore the controlling factors for carbon and nitrogen isotopic speciation and to retrieve the information locked in the residual fraction.

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Unraveling the onset of Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 in an extended sediment archive from the Tarfaya‐Laayoune Basin, Morocco

et al. 2017

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We investigated the onset and development of Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2) in a newly drilled core (SN°4) from the Tarfaya Basin (southern Morocco), where this interval is unusually expanded. High‐resolution (centimeter‐scale equivalent to centennial) analysis of bulk organic and carbonate stable isotopes and of carbonate and organic carbon content in combination with XRF scanner derived elemental distribution reveal that the ocean‐climate system behaved in a highly dynamic manner prior to and during the onset of OAE2. Correlation with the latest orbital solution indicates that the main carbon isotope shift occurred during an extended minimum in orbital eccentricity (~400 kyr cycle). Shorter‐term fluctuations in carbonate and organic carbon accumulation and in sea level related terrigenous discharge were predominantly driven by variations in orbital obliquity. Negative excursions in organic and carbonate δ13C preceded the global positive δ13C shift marking the onset of OAE2, suggesting injection of isotopically depleted carbon into the atmosphere. The main δ13C increase during the early phase of OAE2 in the late Cenomanian was punctuated by a transient plateau. Maximum organic carbon accumulation occurred during the later part of the main δ13C increase and was associated with climate cooling events, expressed as three consecutive maxima in bulk carbonate δ18O. The extinctions of the thermocline dwelling keeled planktonic foraminifers Rotalipora greenhornensis and Rotalipora cushmani occurred during the first and last of these cooling events and were likely associated with obliquity paced, ocean‐wide expansions, and intensifications of the oxygen minimum zone, affecting their habitat space on a global scale.

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Dependence of phytoplankton carbon isotopic composition on growth rate and [CO2)aq: Theoretical considerations and experimental results

Cited by 711 publications

References 40 publications

Diatom δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, and C/N since the Last Glacial Maximum in the Southern Ocean: Potential impact of Species Composition

Diatom δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, and C/N since the Last Glacial Maximum in the Southern Ocean: Potential impact of Species Composition

Isotopic composition and speciation of sedimentary nitrogen and carbon in the Okinawa Trough over the past 30 ka

Unraveling the onset of Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 in an extended sediment archive from the Tarfaya‐Laayoune Basin, Morocco

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Dependence of phytoplankton carbon isotopic composition on growth rate and [CO2)aq: Theoretical considerations and experimental results

Cited by 711 publications

References 40 publications

Diatom δ13C, δ15N, and C/N since the Last Glacial Maximum in the Southern Ocean: Potential impact of Species Composition

Diatom δ13C, δ15N, and C/N since the Last Glacial Maximum in the Southern Ocean: Potential impact of Species Composition

Isotopic composition and speciation of sedimentary nitrogen and carbon in the Okinawa Trough over the past 30 ka

Unraveling the onset of Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 in an extended sediment archive from the Tarfaya‐Laayoune Basin, Morocco

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Product

Resources

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Diatom δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, and C/N since the Last Glacial Maximum in the Southern Ocean: Potential impact of Species Composition

Diatom δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, and C/N since the Last Glacial Maximum in the Southern Ocean: Potential impact of Species Composition