Dependence of the Performance of TSI 3020 Condensation Nucleus Counter on Pressure, Flow Rate, and Temperature

Zhang, Z. Q.; Liu, Bei

doi:10.1080/02786829008959464

Cited by 34 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Also, the counting efficiency of the CNC is a function of pressure and flow rate due to changes in heat and mass transfer rates, and varies much due to the changes of pressure and flow rate. The cut size of the CNC was sensitive to the temperature difference but relatively insensitive to the flow rate and the saturator temperature (Zhang and Liu, 1990).…”

Section: Instrumentation On the Aircraftmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne measurements of gas and particle pollutants during CAREBeijing-2008

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Measurements of gaseous pollutants -including ozone (O 3 ), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitrogen oxides (NO X = NO + NO 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), particle number concentrations (5.6-560 nm and 0.47-30 µm) -and meteorological parameters (T , RH, P ) were conducted during the Campaigns of Air Quality Research in Beijing and Surrounding Regions in 2008 (CAREBeijing-2008), from 27 August through 13 October 2008. The data from a total 18 flights (70 h flight time) from near the surface to 2100 m altitude were obtained with a Yun-12 aircraft in the southern surrounding areas of Beijing (38-40 • N, 114-118 • E). The objectives of these measurements were to characterize the regional variation of air pollution during and after the Olympics of 2008, determine the importance of air mass trajectories and to evaluate of other factors that influence the pollution characteristics. The results suggest that there are primarily four distinct sources that influenced the magnitude and properties of the pollutants in the measured region based on back-trajectory analysis: (1) southerly transport of air masses from regions with high pollutant emissions, (2) northerly and northeasterly transport of less pollutant air from further away, (3) easterly transport from maritime sources where emissions of gaseous pollutant are less than from the south but still high in particle concentrations, and (4) the transport of air that is a mixture from different regions; that is, the air at all altitudes measured by the aircraft was not all from the same sources. The relatively long-lived CO concentration is shown to be a possible transport tracer of long-range transport from the northwesterly direction, especially at the higher altitudes. Three factors that influenced the size distribution of particles -i.e., air mass transport direction, ground source emissions and meteorological influences -are also discussed.

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Section: Instrumentation On the Aircraftmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne measurements of gas and particle pollutants during CAREBeijing-2008

et al. 2014

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“…The first assumption requires that condensational growth proceed faster than any increase of the critical radius as the activated particle moves through regions of lower saturation ratios. The second assumption is valid if the size of the grown droplet is larger than circa 0.5 µm (Zhang and Liu 1990).…”

Section: Peak Counting Efficienciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also important that the activated particles grow to sufficiently large sizes (>0.5 µm) (Zhang and Liu 1990) to allow their detection by the optical system. This is not addressed by heterogeneous nucleation theory that only considers saturation ratios and not the quantity of vapors available.…”

Section: Working Fluid Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of the Effect of the Calibration Aerosol Material on the Counting Efficiencies of TSI 3790 Condensation Particle Counters

Mamakos

Giechaskiel

Drossinos

2013

Aerosol Science and Technology

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The counting efficiencies of two TSI 3790 Condensation Particle Counters (CPCs) were investigated experimentally for graphite, poly-(alpha)-olefin (PAO), tetradecane (C14), and hexadecane (C16) particles at saturator-to-condenser temperature differences spanning from 5.6• C to 11.3 • C. The efficiencies determined with PAO, C14, and C16 particles were broadly similar, while tests with graphite particles resulted in systematically lower counting efficiencies. The differences between PAO and graphite particles were reduced at elevated temperature differences, i.e., as the saturation ratios inside the condenser increased. The possibility to predict measured counting efficiencies by heterogeneous nucleation theory was also assessed. The results for PAO, C14, and C16 were representative of perfectly wettable particles, while graphite data could only be reproduced with a contact angle of 6-12• , for all temperatures examined. Line tension fits revealed a linear correlation with the graphite mobility diameter for all operating temperatures (5 × 10 −11 N at 15 nm to 4 × 10 −10 N at 70 nm). This could actually indicate that the mobility diameter underestimates the contact line for these complex geometry graphite aggregates. An examination of the calculated activation regions inside the condenser indicated that the upper part of the counting efficiency curve (>50%) is very sensitive to flow and temperature nonidealities. This observation is in quantitative agreement with systematic deviations observed between theoretical predictions and experimental data. Numerical calculations for a range of working fluids suggested that for a given Received 12 April 2012; accepted 10 July 2012. The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge Dominique Lesueur for his valuable contribution to the experimental work and Carsten Gruening and Sebastiao Martin Dos Santos for providing the nebulizer employed in the calibration of the DMAs. A. Mamakos and Y. Drossinos would like to thank Giorgio Martini, Panagiota Dilara, and Alois Krasenbrink for their support. INEOS Oligomers is also acknowledged for supplying the poly-(alpha)-olefin employed in the experiments. The authors would also like to thank TSI for supplying one of the TSI 3790 units employed in the study. The study was partially funded by the EMRP-ENV02 PartEmission project. The EMRP is jointly funded by the EMRP participating countries within EURAMET and the European Commission.Address correspondence to Yannis Drossinos, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, I-21027, Ispra, VA, Italy. E-mail: ioannis. drossinos@jrc.ec.europa.eu affinity of the calibration particle to the examined vapors (i.e., for a finite contact angle), the benefit from shifting to a fluid alternative to butanol is limited. Further investigations on the reduction of the material dependence should focus on the identification of working fluids exhibiting greater affinity for different particle materials (e.g., lower contact angle).

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“…T and water vapour concentration) within the chamber may have also substantially delayed the formation of stable fog since we were measuring the level of stability of the fog using very fine electro-optical means (Zhang and Liu, 1990). This might be a significant reason since with naked eye (via Quartz windows) we could see fog formation taking place almost instantaneously in the fog chamber but the voltmeter showed fluctuations for a long time.…”

Section: Relationship Between Microphysics Of Fog and Visibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of the Effects of Environmental and Fog Condensation Nuclei Parameters on the Rate of Fog Formation and Dissipation Using a New Laboratory Scale Fog Generation Facility

Singh

Gupta

Tripathi

et al. 2011

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The IIT Kanpur Fog Chamber Facility has been conceptualized and built indigenously to study the fog formation and dissipation under various environmental conditions. The chamber has been designed such that all governing parameters can be controlled and optimized. The effects of relative humidity, temperature and size distribution, number and chemical composition of fog condensation nuclei (FCN) on the formation, stability and dissipation of fog has been studied. The visibility measurements were carried out using a He-Ne 632.8 nm monochromatic laser. It was found that aerosol number concentration, size distribution and chemical nature of FCN have significant effects on visibility reduction in fog. Direct comparisons were made for theoretical droplet growth and settling times in predicting the period for which stable fog was expected Vs the actual experimentally measured times for stable fog generated using different types of FCN. Effective radius, R eff , of fog droplet size distribution (DSD), a parameter that describes the optical properties of the droplet distribution was also calculated. It was noted that even for the same R eff (i.e. similar visibility), DSDs show notable differences depending on other conditions, implying the differences in the microphysical nature of fog. Fog dissipation results show that, with the decrease in temperature, the rate of fog dissipation decreases for all FCNs except for uncoated graphite, where no particular pattern has been observed maybe due to its less hygroscopic nature. The results from this study will help us in better understanding the optical nature of fog and designing of future fog vision devices.

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Dependence of the Performance of TSI 3020 Condensation Nucleus Counter on Pressure, Flow Rate, and Temperature

Cited by 34 publications

References 14 publications

Airborne measurements of gas and particle pollutants during CAREBeijing-2008

Airborne measurements of gas and particle pollutants during CAREBeijing-2008

Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of the Effect of the Calibration Aerosol Material on the Counting Efficiencies of TSI 3790 Condensation Particle Counters

Experimental Study of the Effects of Environmental and Fog Condensation Nuclei Parameters on the Rate of Fog Formation and Dissipation Using a New Laboratory Scale Fog Generation Facility

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