Dependence of Аpricot Yield on Ecological Factors

Abstract

The article provides an overview of domestic and foreign studies on the apricot cultivation, its national economic significance, the spread of culture abroad and on the Russian Federation territory. The role of positive and negative temperatures, precipitation on the condition of fruit trees, the safety of generative buds, yield and quality of fruits is considered. Special attention is paid to the work of plant breeders of fruit growing and vegeculture department of Voronezh State Agricultural University to make large-fruited, winter-hardy apricot varieties, enhanced studying of their biological characteristics and suitability for cultivation in the conditions of the Voronezh region. An agro-ecological justification of apricot cultivation in industrial gardens is also given. The agro-climatic conditions of the Voronezh Region and certain territories: the southern, central and northern parts are studied. The areas with soil and climatic conditions for the apricot cultivation on an industrial scale are identified. The possible reasons causing the death of apricot generative buds in winter are determined: a decrease in air temperature to -30 ° C with a rate of decline of 5 ºС per hour and prolonged thaws and sudden changes in air temperature to -28 ° C The southern regions are less favorable for fruiting apricot, because of spring frosts. According to long-term data, the correlation between yield and environmental factors has been revealed using the example of Apricot cultivar Triumf northern. The dependence of flowering and fruiting on the complex influence of negative weather manifestations in the spring and winter periods has been determined. The favorable areas, whose conditions correspond to the biological characteristics of apricot cultivars of Voronezh State Agricultural University selection, have been identified. Based on statistical calculations, mathematical models were obtained and it is possible to predict the apricot yield, depending on the combination of environmental factors with a high degree of accuracy.