Depersonalization

Stewart, Walter A.

doi:10.1177/000306516401200111

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In psychiatric populations, depersonalisation is encountered with surprising frequency: one survey (Brauer et al, 1970) found that it occurred in 80% of a sample of psychiatric in-patients, and was chronic and disabling in a fifth of this group. Other work (Stewart, 1964;Simeon et al, 1997) suggests that depersonalisation might be the third most common psychiatric symptom after anxiety and low mood.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 93%

Understanding and treating depersonalisation disorder

Medford¹,

Sierra²,

Baker³

et al. 2005

Adv. psychiatr. treat

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Depersonalisation disorder involves an unpleasant, chronic and disabling alteration in the experience of self and environment. In addition to these classic features of depersonalisation and derealisation, symptoms may also encompass alterations in bodily sensation and a loss of emotional reactivity. Primary depersonalisation disorder is probably more common than previously thought, and here we discuss the diagnosis, assessment and treatment of the condition, with particular reference to our experiences in a specialist depersonalisation clinic. We also consider psychological and biological aspects of the condition. Although there is as yet no recognised treatment for this disorder, various pharmacological interventions, particularly a combination of lamotrigine and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, have shown promise. We discuss these drug treatments, together with psychological approaches, in particular a recent cognitive–behavioural conceptualisation and treatment approach.

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 93%

Understanding and treating depersonalisation disorder

Medford¹,

Sierra²,

Baker³

et al. 2005

Adv. psychiatr. treat

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Depersonalization and derealization are common as brief transient phenomena in healthy individuals, but may occur as a chronic disabling condition, either as a primary disorder, DPD, or secondary to other neuropsychiatric illness such as panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and depression. Recent surveys of clinical populations suggest that depersonalization/derealization may be the third most common psychiatric symptom after anxiety and low mood (Stewart, 1964 ; Simeon et al, 1997 ), and are experienced by 1.2–2% of the general population in any given month (Bebbington et al, 1997 ; Hunter et al, 2004 ). The chronic expression of these symptoms in DPD is characterized by “alteration in the perception or experience of the self so that one feels detached from and as if one is an outside observer of one’s own mental processes”(American Psychiatric Association, 2000 ).…”

Section: Disorders Of Agency and Presencementioning

confidence: 99%

An Interoceptive Predictive Coding Model of Conscious Presence

Seth¹,

Suzuki²,

Critchley³

2012

Front. Psychology

710

743

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We describe a theoretical model of the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying conscious presence and its disturbances. The model is based on interoceptive prediction error and is informed by predictive models of agency, general models of hierarchical predictive coding and dopaminergic signaling in cortex, the role of the anterior insular cortex (AIC) in interoception and emotion, and cognitive neuroscience evidence from studies of virtual reality and of psychiatric disorders of presence, specifically depersonalization/derealization disorder. The model associates presence with successful suppression by top-down predictions of informative interoceptive signals evoked by autonomic control signals and, indirectly, by visceral responses to afferent sensory signals. The model connects presence to agency by allowing that predicted interoceptive signals will depend on whether afferent sensory signals are determined, by a parallel predictive-coding mechanism, to be self-generated or externally caused. Anatomically, we identify the AIC as the likely locus of key neural comparator mechanisms. Our model integrates a broad range of previously disparate evidence, makes predictions for conjoint manipulations of agency and presence, offers a new view of emotion as interoceptive inference, and represents a step toward a mechanistic account of a fundamental phenomenological property of consciousness.

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“…Personalization leads to an individual's sense that subjective and intersubjective meaning is real, significant, and relevant. Conversely, depersonalization leads to one's feeling unreal, to his or her sense of insignificance, and to his or her struggle to grasp shared reality (Levitan, 1970; Stewart, 1964). I recall a patient telling me, at the end of therapy, that it was not so much my interpretations or insights that he found most important, but his experience of me as someone devoted to him and our joint struggle to find meaning.…”

Section: Transference Personalization and Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond intersubjectivity: Personalization and community.

LaMothe¹

2007

Psychoanalytic Psychology

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In this article, personalization is defined as diverse forms of recognizing the other as a unique, responsive, inviolable, and valued subject, all of which are contingent upon community. The processes of personalization are depicted further in terms of (a) the dialectic of recognition and negation, (b) personal and impersonal epistemologies, (c) intentionality and fact, and (d) asymmetrical and mutual recognition. Good enough parenting may be understood in terms of varied forms of personalization, which contribute to psychosocial achievements-psyche-soma integration, sense of going on being or cohesion, selfcontinuity, sense of aliveness and being real, the capacity to make use of social reality, self-reflection, and emotional regulation. These forms of personalization are supported by the community's web of symbols-symbols that facilitate and represent recognition and appearance of the other as a unique subject. Given the relation between personalization and community, transference is reconceptualized as the patient's history of personalizing, impersonalizing, and/or depersonalizing interactions, as well as his or her desire for and fear of personalization and fellowship.

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Depersonalization

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Understanding and treating depersonalisation disorder

Understanding and treating depersonalisation disorder

An Interoceptive Predictive Coding Model of Conscious Presence

Beyond intersubjectivity: Personalization and community.

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