Dephosphorisation of high carbon ferromanganese using BaCO₃based fluxes

Abstract

manganese.14 Phosphorus removal through chemical beneficiation requires comminution, flotation, and/or leaching Dephosphorisation of ferromanganese under to be followed by agglomeration, the technoeconomics of oxidising conditions is difficult to achieve without which is not considered suitable.14 Dephosphorisation in significant manganese loss. The present study gaseous form is not suitable because the partial pressure of identifies the suitable conditions for selective manganese is higher than that of phosphorus at smelting removal of phosphorus using BaCO 3 based fluxes.temperatures. The reaction product of dephosphorisation Initially Ba-P-O predominance diagrams for both under reducing conditions is phosphide, which produces standard and non-standard conditions were toxic phosphene in contact with moisture.4 Therefore, all constructed, and studied to identify the best the methods mentioned above suffer from serious practical possible flux composition for selective removal of limitations. phosphorus without significant manganese loss.In view of the difficulties associated with those methods, Experiments were conducted by varying the flux the favourable choice is the removal of phosphorus from composition (BaCO 3 , BaF 2 ), flux rate, metal liquid ferromanganese under oxidising conditions for the composition, and temperature under the desired following reasons. conditions for phosphorus removal. A method was 1. The process is favoured at lower temperatures since evolved to melt BaCO 3 based flux at temperatures the reaction is exothermic. below 1400°C. A flux composition consisting of 2. The activity coefficient of phosphate is much lower 66% BaCO 3 and 34% BaF 2 added at the rate of than that of phosphide in molten basic fluxes; thus, the flux 16 wt-% of the amount of ferromanganese charged consumption is much less for the formation of phosphate.14 was found to be most effective.I&S/1562 3. The reaction product does not create any environmental problems.

Design of Red Mud-based Desiliconization and Dephosphorization Flux and its Application in Ferromanganese

“…Hence, CaF 2 /BaF 2 as fluxes and BaO/Na 2 O [7][8][9][10] as highefficiency fixatives are usually introduced into the slag to improve the desiliconization and dephosphorization effects of ferromanganese. However, the high cost of BaO/Na 2 O and the subsequent environmental pollution caused by fluoride 11,12) were neglected.…”

Forecast model for dephosphorization process of ferromanganese steels using artificial neural networks

“…The increased P levels can significantly affect physical aspects of alloy steel, thus severely compromising its quality. P-rich steel compounds usually show: (i) increased hardness; (ii) decreased ductility; (iii) appearance of ghost lines in carbon-rich alloy steels; and (iv) increased frailty of steel bonds under high and low temperatures [2]. The refining process adopted by the company subject to this study uses high-purity oxygen to reduce carbon levels in High-Carbon Ferromanganese (FeMnHC) originating Medium-Carbon Ferromanganese (FeMnMC) which has higher market value.…”

Thermal physical properties and dephosphorisation kinetics of rare earth oxides containing slags

“…Among the available methods of dephosphorisation, phosphorus removal by a physical beneficiation technique is not suitable since it is intimately associated with manganese [3]. Phosphorus removal by chemical beneficiation requires comminution, flotation, and leaching followed by agglomeration, and is thus inadequate from the economic point of view [3]. Dephosphorisation in the gaseous form is not applicable because the partial pressure of manganese is higher than that of phosphorus at smelting temperature [3].…”

“…Phosphorus removal by chemical beneficiation requires comminution, flotation, and leaching followed by agglomeration, and is thus inadequate from the economic point of view [3]. Dephosphorisation in the gaseous form is not applicable because the partial pressure of manganese is higher than that of phosphorus at smelting temperature [3]. The reaction product of dephosphorisation under reducing conditions is phosphide, which produces toxic phosphine when it comes in contact with atmospheric moisture [4].…”