Deploying Machine Learning for Radiography of Aerospace Welds

Abstract

Artificial intelligence is providing new possibilities for analysis in the field of industrial radiography. As capabilities evolve, there is the need for knowledge concerning how to deploy these technologies in practice and benefit from the new automatically generated information. In this study, automatic defect recognition based on machine learning was deployed as an aid in industrial radiography of laser welds in an aerospace component, and utilized to produce statistics for improved quality control. A multi-model approach with an added weld segmentation step improved the inference speed and decreased false calls to improve field use. A user interface with visualization options was developed to display the evaluation results. A dataset of 451 radiographs was automatically analysed, yielding 10037 indications with size and location information, providing capability for statistical analysis beyond what is practical to carry out with manual annotation. The distribution of indications was modeled as a product of the probability of detection and an exponentially decreasing underlying flaw distribution, opening the possibility for model reliability assessment and predictive capabilities on weld defects. An analysis of the indications demonstrated the capability to automatically detect both large-scale trends and individual components and welds that were more at risk of failing the inspection. This serves as a step towards smarter utilization of non-destructive evaluation data in manufacturing.

Advanced ANN Techniques for Precise Detection and Classification of Welding Defects

“…Image augmentation techniques were applied, including horizontal flipping and 90° rotation (both clockwise and counter-clockwise), which expanded the dataset to 1,288 images. Additionally, each image was annotated to label the welding defects present (Tyystjärvi et al, 2024;Y. Yang et al, 2022), ensuring that the dataset was accurately labeled for the subsequent analysis.…”

A New Method for Detecting Weld Stability Based on Color Digital Holography

“…With the booming development of the manufacturing industry, welding, as a common permanent connection method, is widely used in fields such as construction [1], bridges [2,3], aerospace [4][5][6], etc. During the welding process, changes in many factors can have an impact on the formation of welds, thereby affecting welding quality and product performance.…”