Deployment-related trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder: does gender matter?

Frank, Christine; Zamorski, Mark A.; Lee, Jennifer E. C.; Colman, Ian

doi:10.1080/20008198.2018.1486123

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Due to lack of data on timing of non-deployment-related trauma, we were unable to include such events in our analysis. Exposure to non-deployment-related trauma is common among members of the military, and is likely related to both pre- and post-deployment mental health, particularly PTSD [49]. Our assessment and analysis of trauma exposure items had limitations: The eight items used to assess deployment-related trauma represent only a subset of a much larger set of potential events, though the reduced item set we used showed similar psychometric properties to a larger set.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are personnel with a past history of mental disorders disproportionately vulnerable to the effects of deployment-related trauma? A cross-sectional study of Canadian military personnel

et al. 2019

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Background Past mental disorders predict future disorders, both in the presence and absence of trauma exposure. However, it is not clear whether those with past mental disorders are disproportionately vulnerable to the negative effects of a given level of trauma. Methods The data source was the 2013 Canadian Forces Mental Health Survey (CFMHS), of which 1820 respondents had deployed only once in their military careers—all in support of the mission in Afghanistan. The primary outcomes were past 12-month depression and past 12-month PTSD. Multivariate logistic regression was performed for each outcome variable, looking primarily for differences in the marginal effect of deployment-related trauma in those with and without a pre-deployment history of each disorder. Results A history of each pre-deployment disorder did indeed interact with deployment-related trauma with respect to the corresponding past 12-month disorder. In addition, pre-deployment history of depression and of PTSD interacted with each other, though only for the outcome of past 12-month PTSD. The average marginal effect of deployment-related trauma on past 12-month PTSD was highest in those with a pre-deployment history of depression in the absence of a pre-deployment history of PTSD. This group was twice as vulnerable to post-deployment PTSD relative to those without a pre-deployment history of both disorders and four times as vulnerable to post-deployment PTSD relative to those with a pre-deployment history of both disorders. No significant differences were seen in the marginal effects of trauma on past 12-month depression in the presence or absence of a pre-deployment history of that disorder. Conclusion There is modest differential vulnerability to past 12-month PTSD as a function of deployment-related trauma in those who had a pre-deployment history of PTSD or depression when compared to those who did and did not have a pre-deployment history of one or both disorders. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12888-019-2146-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are personnel with a past history of mental disorders disproportionately vulnerable to the effects of deployment-related trauma? A cross-sectional study of Canadian military personnel

et al. 2019

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“…This result agrees with the findings of Khattak & Khattak (2014) and Nasar, Zulqarnain, Inayat, & Khan (2016), where no gender differences were also found on posttraumatic stress reactions among flood victims of Nowshera and Lahore respectively. Also, Frank et al (2018) found no gender differences. However, inconsistent results were established by Perkonigg, Kessler, Storz, & Wittchen (2000) and Solomonm, Gelkopf & Bleich (2005) who found a significant gender effect on posttraumatic reactions in their separate studies, where female victims reported higher reactions than their male counterpart.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Gender and education level of victims are among these factors. Most notably, gender has been explored as a potential predictor of increased PTSD following combat exposure; however, findings have been mixed (Frank et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender, Education and Post-traumatic Reactions of Victims of Cattle Rustling in Zamfara State, Nigeria

Lawal¹,

Isma’il²,

Audu³

2018

IRA-JEMS

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The study examined the influence of gender and level of education on Posttraumatic Stress Reactions of Victims of Cattle Rustling conflict. The study was guided by two objectives. The first one was to find out whether gender influences Posttraumatic Stress Reactions. 384 victims comprising 258 males (67.2%) and 126 females (32.8%) were studied. Descriptive survey design was employed in the conduct of the study. The instruments used to collect data were students’ demographic characteristics sheet and a 23-item Post-traumatic Stress Reaction Inventory DSM-5. T-test for independent samples and ANOVA were the statistical tools used to analyze data. Results revealed no significant influence of gender on Posttraumatic reactions of victims of cattle rustling in Zamfara state. In addition, lower level of literacy or its absence was found to elicit higher feelings of psychological reactions to traumatic events. Similarly, literacy level increases victims’ coping strategies in dealing with traumatic experience. Part of the recommendations is the need prompt treatment of both men and women equally by teaching ways to manage their fears, and anxiety. There is the need for stakeholders in education especially the school psychologists to create enabling environment which will instill and sustain adult desire for education.

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“…Adult trauma included trauma types which first occurred at the age of 18 years or older. As data regarding deployment trauma were taken from the self-report questionnaire, we separated out trauma types unlikely to be deployment related, as per a previous study (Frank et al, 2018). These non-deployment-related traumas were further categorised as ‘Interpersonal’ (sexual assault, raped, stalked, beaten by spouse/romantic partner, badly beaten by anyone else) or ‘Non-interpersonal/other’ (unarmed civilian in a place of conflict, lived as a civilian in a place of ongoing terror, refugee, life-threatening automobile accident, child illness, life-threatening illness, someone close had traumatic experience).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood determinants of suicidality in men recently transitioned from regular military service

Sheriff

Hooff

Malhi

et al. 2020

Aust N Z J Psychiatry

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Objective: Rates of suicidality are higher in military than comparable civilian populations. The period of transition from regular military service may be a time of particular vulnerability. In order to best inform early intervention and prevention strategies, we sought to investigate the childhood determinants (trauma and disorder) of self-reported past-year suicidality (thoughts, plans or attempts) in a population of Australian Defence Force men who had recently (in the previous 5 years) transitioned from regular military service. Methods: We analysed self-report, and detailed interview, cross-sectional data to investigate the association between retrospectively reported past-year suicidality and childhood factors (disorder and trauma) and whether these relationships were independent of each other and adult-onset trauma and disorder. We utilised logistic regression techniques and generalised structural equation modelling. Results: The prevalence of suicidality in transitioned men was 21.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: [19.9, 23.3]). Suicidality was associated with childhood-onset interpersonal trauma and anxiety and adult-onset anxiety and depression. Generalised structural equation modelling demonstrated that the pathway between childhood interpersonal trauma and suicidality was not fully mediated by childhood anxiety. Restricting the analyses to those previously deployed demonstrated that suicidality had a direct and significant association with childhood-onset factors (anxiety and interpersonal trauma) and adult-onset trauma (deployment and non-deployment related). Conclusion: This study sheds light onto the significance of childhood factors (interpersonal trauma and anxiety) in a population undergoing transition that may revive pre-existing vulnerabilities. These findings have the potential to aid early intervention and prevention strategies in identifying those at risk prior to transition. These findings also imply that early interventions targeting anxiety and interventions to reduce social instability during the transition period may be useful in reducing suicidality during this time. Further prospective studies are needed to further explore these novel findings.

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Deployment-related trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder: does gender matter?

Cited by 14 publications

References 35 publications

Are personnel with a past history of mental disorders disproportionately vulnerable to the effects of deployment-related trauma? A cross-sectional study of Canadian military personnel

Are personnel with a past history of mental disorders disproportionately vulnerable to the effects of deployment-related trauma? A cross-sectional study of Canadian military personnel

Gender, Education and Post-traumatic Reactions of Victims of Cattle Rustling in Zamfara State, Nigeria

Childhood determinants of suicidality in men recently transitioned from regular military service

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