Depolarization Dynamics in a Strongly Interacting Solid-State Spin Ensemble

Choi, Joonhee; Choi, Soonwon; Kucsko, Georg; Maurer, Peter; Shields, Brendan; Sumiya, Hitoshi; Onoda, Shinobu; Isoya, Junichi; Demler, Eugene; Jelezko, Fedor; Yao, Norman Y.; Lukin, Mikhail D.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.118.093601

Cited by 123 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…There could also be energy transfer to the N 0 centres as has been suggested occurs with NV 0 [45], but will be much less for NV − compared to NV 0 as the absorption strength of N 0 is less at 637 nm compared to that at 575 nm (see figures 4 and 7). In addition at high NV − densities spin-spin interaction can average the polarization effects as already studied by others [51].…”

Section: Nvconcentrationmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…There are many investigations of the spin properties of the NV − centres including ones associated with ensembles that have relevance to the present optical study. For example Choi et al [51] in investigating the spin lifetime and decoherence of NV − have attributed the degrading of the spin properties to interaction with a fraction of NV − centres that are not spin polarized, termed 'fluctuators'. The non-polarized NV − centres may be related to the optical cycle explained here where NV − are formed from NV 0 by tunneling as such NV − centres will not be spin polarized.…”

Section: Spin Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

NV⁻–N⁺ pair centre in 1b diamond

Manson¹,

Hedges²,

Michael³

et al. 2018

New J. Phys.

113

121

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With the creation of nitrogen (NV) in 1b diamond it is common to find that the absorption and emission is predominantly of negatively charged NV centres. This occurs because electrons tunnel from the substitutional nitrogen atoms to NV to form NV − -N + pairs. There can be a small percentage of neutral charge NV 0 centres and a linear increase of this percentage can be obtained with optical intensity. Subsequent to excitation it is found that the line width of the NV − zero-phonon has been altered. The alteration arises from a change of the distribution of N + ions and a modification of the average electric field at the NV − sites. The consequence is a change to the Stark shifts and splittings giving the change of the zero-phonon line (ZPL) width. Exciting the NV − centres enhances the density of close N + ions and there is a broadening of the ZPL. Alternatively exciting and ionizing N 0 in the lattice results in more distant distribution of N + ions and a narrowing of the ZPL. The competition between NV − and N 0 excitation results in a significant dependence on excitation wavelength and there is also a dependence on the concentration of the NV − and N 0 in the samples. The present investigation involves extensive use of low temperature optical spectroscopy to monitor changes to the absorption and emission spectra particularly the widths of the ZPL. The studies lead to a good understanding of the properties of the NV − -N + pairs in diamond. There is a critical dependence on pair separation. When the NV − -N + pair separation is large the properties are as for single sites and a high degree of optically induced spin polarization is attainable. When the separation decreases the emission is reduced, the lifetime shortened and the spin polarization downgraded. With separations of <12 A 0 there is even no emission. The deterioration occurs as a consequence of electron tunneling in the excited state from NVto N + and an optical cycle that involves NV 0 . The number of pairs with the smaller separations and poorer properties will increase with the number of nitrogen impurities and it follows that the degree of spin polarization that can be achieved for an ensemble of NV − in 1b diamond will be determined and limited by the concentration of single substitutional nitrogen. The information will be invaluable for obtaining optimal conditions when ensembles of NV − are required. As well as extensive measurements of the NV − optical ZPL observations of Stark effects associated with the infrared line at 1042 nm and the optically detected magnetic resonance at 2.87 GHz are also reported.

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Section: Nvconcentrationmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Spin Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

NV⁻–N⁺ pair centre in 1b diamond

Manson¹,

Hedges²,

Michael³

et al. 2018

New J. Phys.

113

121

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“…john.barry@ll.mit.edu trogen concentration [10][11][12], lattice defect density, impurity concentration [13], and strain [13] have all been shown to affect the irradiation and annealing process. As diamond synthesis capabilities develop, producing material with a range of compositions, a comprehensive study of irradiation and annealing will enable targeted diamond engineering for diverse quantum sensing applications [2,14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoluminescence Decomposition Analysis: A Technique to Characterize N - V Creation in Diamond

et al. 2019

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Treatment of lab-grown diamond by electron irradiation and annealing has enabled quantum sensors based on negatively-charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV -) centers to demonstrate record sensitivities. Here we investigate the irradiation and annealing process applied to 28 diamond samples using a new ambient-temperature, all-optical approach. As the presence of the neutrally-charged nitrogenvacancy (NV 0 ) center is deleterious to sensor performance, this photoluminescence decomposition analysis (PDA) is first employed to determine the concentration ratio of NVto NV 0 in diamond samples from the measured photoluminescence spectrum. The analysis hinges on (i) isolating each NV charge state's emission spectrum and (ii) measuring the NVto NV 0 emission ratio, which is found to be 2.5˘0.5 under low-intensity 532 nm illumination. Using the PDA method, we measure the effects of irradiation and annealing on conversion of substitutional nitrogen to NV centers. Combining these measurements with a phenomenological model for diamond irradiation and annealing, we extract an estimated monovacancy creation rate of 0.52˘0.26 cm -1 for 1 MeV electron irradiation and an estimated monovacancy diffusion coefficient of 1.8 nm 2 /s at 850˝C. Finally we find that irradiation doses Á 10 18 e -/cm 2 deteriorate the NVdecoherence time T2 whereas T1 is unaffected up to the the maximum investigated dose of 5ˆ10 18 e -/cm 2 . :1906.11406v1 [cond-mat.mes-hall] arXiv

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“…For example, NV concentrations of up to ∼ 45 PPM were recently demonstrated using a highly impractical and specialized irradiation process, at an energy of 2 MeV, a flux of ∼ 1.4×10 13 e/cm 2 s with insitu annealing at 700−800 o C for 285 hours. This process resulted in NV-NV dipolar interactions with strength of ∼ 420 kHz, contributing to the understanding of manybody spin depolarization dynamics [21].Here we demonstrate a practical and applicative irradiation process based on commonly available transmission electron microscopes (TEM), using standard samples used in the field. While this realistic scheme is expected to be limited in terms of the resulting NV-NV interaction strength, with the use of proper dynamical decoupling protocols [13], the NV-NV interactiondominated regime could still be reached.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced concentrations of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond through TEM irradiation

Farfurnik

Alfasi

Masis

et al. 2017

Applied Physics Letters

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The studies of many-body dynamics of interacting spin ensembles, as well as quantum sensing in solid state systems, are often limited by the need for high spin concentrations, along with efficient decoupling of the spin ensemble from its environment. In particular, for an ensemble of nitrogenvacancy (NV) centers in diamond, high conversion efficiencies between nitrogen (P1) defects and NV centers are essential, while maintaining long coherence times of an NV ensemble. In this work, we study the effect of electron irradiation on the conversion efficiency and the coherence time of various types of diamond samples with different initial nitrogen concentrations. The samples were irradiated using a 200 keV transmission electron microscope (TEM). Our study reveals that the efficiency of NV creation strongly depends on the initial conversion efficiency as well as on the initial nitrogen concentration. The irradiation of the examined samples exhibits an order of magnitude improvement in the NV concentration (up to ∼ 10 11 NV/cm 2 ), without degradation in their coherence times of ∼ 180 µs. We address the potential of this technique toward the study of many-body physics of NV ensembles and the creation of non-classical spin states for quantum sensing. The study of quantum many-body spin physics in realistic solid-state platforms has been a long-standing goal in quantum and condensed-matter physics. In addition to the fundamental understanding of spin dynamics, such research could pave the way toward the demonstration of non-classical spin states, which will be useful for a variety of applications in quantum information and quantum sensing. One of the leading candidates for such studies is the negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond, having unique spin and optical properties, which make it useful for various sensing applications [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9], as well as a resource for quantum information processing and quantum simulation [10][11][12].The current state-of-the-art is limited by the requirement of obtaining high spin concentrations while maintaining long coherence times. The sensitivity of magnetic sensing grows as the square-root of the number of spins [1,3], thus enhanced NV concentrations could improve magnetometric sensitivities. Furthermore, enhanced NV concentrations could lead to strong NV-NV couplings, which together with long coherence times, achieved using a proper dynamical decoupling protocol [13], could pave the way toward the study of many-body dynamics in the NV-NV interaction-dominated regime [10][11][12]. However, nitrogen defects not associated with vacancies (P1 centers) create randomly fluctuating magnetic fields that cause decoherence of the quantum state of the NV ensemble [14,15]. As a result, in most cases it would be beneficial to increase the concentration of NV centers while keeping the nitrogen concentration constant, i.e. improve the N to NV conversion efficiency.A common technique for improving the conversion efficiency is the irradiation of the sample with elec...

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Depolarization Dynamics in a Strongly Interacting Solid-State Spin Ensemble

Cited by 123 publications

References 40 publications

NV⁻–N⁺ pair centre in 1b diamond

NV⁻–N⁺ pair centre in 1b diamond

Photoluminescence Decomposition Analysis: A Technique to Characterize N - V Creation in Diamond

Enhanced concentrations of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond through TEM irradiation

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Depolarization Dynamics in a Strongly Interacting Solid-State Spin Ensemble

Cited by 123 publications

References 40 publications

NV−–N+ pair centre in 1b diamond

NV−–N+ pair centre in 1b diamond

Photoluminescence Decomposition Analysis: A Technique to Characterize N - V Creation in Diamond

Enhanced concentrations of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond through TEM irradiation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

NV⁻–N⁺ pair centre in 1b diamond

NV⁻–N⁺ pair centre in 1b diamond