Depolymerization of steam-treated lignin for the production of green chemicals

Lavoie, Jean‐Michel; Baré, Wadou; Bilodeau, Mathieu

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2011.01.010

Cited by 164 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The treatment of lignin using sodium hydroxide aqueous solution at high temperature was straightforward process, from which phenols and phenol derivatives were obtained. Lavoie et al used softwood and hemp lignin pretreated by steam explosion with 5 wt.% of NaOH aq at the temperature between 300 and 330 ∘ C under the pressure ranging from 9 to 13 MPa [16]. There were 26 compounds identified by GC-MS after the reaction, in which guaiacol, catechol, and vanillin were more abundant.…”

Section: Base-catalyzed Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Development in Chemical Depolymerization of Lignin: A Review

Wang

Tucker

Yun

2013

Journal of Applied Chemistry

218

110

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This article reviewed recent development of chemical depolymerization of lignins. There were five types of treatment discussed, including base-catalyzed, acid-catalyzed, metallic catalyzed, ionic liquids-assisted, and supercritical fluids-assisted lignin depolymerizations. The methods employed in this research were described, and the important results were marked. Generally, base-catalyzed and acid-catalyzed methods were straightforward, but the selectivity was low. The severe reaction conditions (high pressure, high temperature, and extreme pH) resulted in requirement of specially designed reactors, which led to high costs of facility and handling. Ionic liquids, and supercritical fluids-assisted lignin depolymerizations had high selectivity, but the high costs of ionic liquids recycling and supercritical fluid facility limited their applications on commercial scale biomass treatment. Metallic catalyzed depolymerization had great advantages because of its high selectivity to certain monomeric compounds and much milder reaction condition than base-catalyzed or acid-catalyzed depolymerizations. It would be a great contribution to lignin conversion if appropriate catalysts were synthesized.

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Section: Base-catalyzed Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Development in Chemical Depolymerization of Lignin: A Review

Wang

Tucker

Yun

2013

Journal of Applied Chemistry

218

110

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“…The product state of lignin-oil obtained by base-catalyzed depolymerization in particular shows great similarity to the products obtained by LPR and has been reported to contain high amounts of monomeric compounds. 14,15,35,36 The production of aromatics with little or no oxygen from lignin has generally proven to be very difficult. Methods reported to date for lignin depolymerization typically lead to the formation of oxygen-rich aromatic monomers with at least two or three oxygen functionalities.…”

Section: Reaction Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[10][11][12] Other (thermochemical) processes are also available for the production of lignin-oils, with a base-catalyzed hydrogenolysis reaction being most commonly studied. [13][14][15] As the second conversion step can be independently chosen, there are many possibilities such as oxidation, hydrogenation, or hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), with especially the latter two being often explored. Indeed, the choice of catalyst and the type of conversion in the second step can be based on the targeted end products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid-phase reforming and hydrodeoxygenation as a two-step route to aromatics from lignin

2013

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A two-step approach to the conversion of organosolv, kraft and sugarcane bagasse lignin to monoaromatic compounds of low oxygen content is presented. The first step consists of lignin depolymerization in a liquid phase reforming (LPR) reaction over a 1 wt% Pt/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalyst at 225°C in alkaline ethanolwater. The first LPR step resulted in a decrease in lignin molecular weight of 32%, 57% and 27% for organosolv, kraft and bagasse lignin, respectively. GC analysis of the depolymerized lignin reaction mixture furthermore showed the formation of alkylated phenol, guaiacol and syringol-type products in 11%, 9% and 5% yields from organosolv, kraft and bagasse lignin, respectively. The lignin-oil that was isolated by extraction of the ethanol-water solution was subjected to a subsequent hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) reaction in the second conversion step. HDO of the lignin-oil was performed in dodecane at 300°C under 50 bar hydrogen pressure over CoMo/Al 2 O 3 and Mo 2 C/CNF catalysts. GC analysis of the product mixture obtained after the two-step LPR-HDO process revealed the formation of, amongst others, benzene, toluene, xylenes and ethylmethylbenzenes. Of the total observed monomeric products (9%), 25% consisted of these oxygen-free products. Notably, such products cannot be obtained by direct HDO of lignin. HDO of the lignin-oil at 350°C resulted in the conversion of all tris-oxygenated products, with 57% of the observed monomeric products now identified as mono-oxygenated phenolics.

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“…Song et al (2013) investigated the conversion of native birch wood lignin to monomeric phenols with a total selectivity of > 90% at a lignin conversion of approximately 50%. Several authors (Karagöz et al 2004;Lavoie et al 2011;Nguyen et al 2014;Zhang et al 2014) have also used a lignin hydrothermal conversion process in near-critical water with strong bases as catalysts. The aforementioned investigations reported the potential utilization of lignin and focused mostly on improving the yield of phenolic compounds or exploring the mechanism of the process using lignin model compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercritical Water-induced Lignin Decomposition Reactions: A Structural and Quantitative Study

Jiang¹,

Lyu²,

Wu³

et al. 2016

BioResources

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The use of supercritical water for the decomposition of lignin and evaluation of its influence on lignin decomposition and conversion to various products was the thrust of the current study. Poplar alkali lignin (AL), corncob-to-xylitol residue lignin (XRL), and cornstalk-to-ethanol residue lignin (ERL) were the lignin species studied because they constitute the main residual lignins available in the biomass refinery industry. The lignins were characterized by elementary analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance ( 31 P-NMR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and their hydrothermal depolymerization products were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The results showed that the residual lignin is a potential source for valuable aromatics. The XRL had the best total phenolics yield, 140 mg/g, while AL had the lowest, 90 mg/g. The maximum yields of phenol (28.94 mg/g) and 4-ethylphenol (36.21 mg/g) were obtained from XRL depolymerization at 375 °C for 30 min, and the optimal yields of guaiacol (14.34 mg/g) and 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (15.67 mg/g) were achieved by AL at 375 °C for 30 min. The information here provides some insights toward developing selective biorefinery methods for lignin-to-organic products conversion processes.

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Depolymerization of steam-treated lignin for the production of green chemicals

Cited by 164 publications

References 6 publications

Recent Development in Chemical Depolymerization of Lignin: A Review

Recent Development in Chemical Depolymerization of Lignin: A Review

Liquid-phase reforming and hydrodeoxygenation as a two-step route to aromatics from lignin

Supercritical Water-induced Lignin Decomposition Reactions: A Structural and Quantitative Study

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