Deposition and chemical composition of early Cambrian salt in the eastern Officer Basin, South Australia

Kovalevych, Volodymyr M.; Zang, Wenlong; Peryt, Tadeusz Marek; Khmelevska, O. V.; Hałas, Stanisław; Iwasinska-Budzyk, I.; Boult, P.J.; Heithersay, Paul S.

doi:10.1080/08120090600686736

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Our results are consistent with the inference of low seawater sulfate concentrations during the early Cambrian based on sulfur isotope data from Mexico and California (<2 mM; Loyd et al, 2012) and South China (Feng et al, 2014), and halite fluid inclusions from Siberia (Petrychenko et al, 2005) and Australia (Kovalevych et al, 2006). However, the early Cambrian was a time of widespread deposition of sulfate-bearing evaporites, e.g., in Oman (Fike and Grotzinger, 2010), Russia (Claypool et al, 1980), and India (Strauss et al, 2001), and moderately high (5-10 mM) to high (>10 mM) contemporaneous seawater sulfate concentrations were inferred on the basis of sulfur isotope data by Tarhan et al (2015) and Canfield and Farquhar (2009), respectively.…”

Section: Sulfur Isotopic Recordssupporting

confidence: 91%

A highly redox-heterogeneous ocean in South China during the early Cambrian (∼529–514 Ma): Implications for biota-environment co-evolution

Jin

Algeo

et al. 2016

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

219

135

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The-Cambrian Explosion‖ is known for rapid increases in the morphological disparity and taxonomic diversity of metazoans. It has been widely proposed that this biological event was a consequence of oxygenation of the global ocean, but this hypothesis is still under debate. Here, we present high-resolution Fe-S-C-Al-trace element geochemical records from the Jinsha (outer shelf) and Weng'an (outer shelf) sections of the early Cambrian Yangtze Platform, integrating these results with previously published data from six correlative sections representing a range of water depths (Xiaotan, Shatan, Dingtai, Yangjiaping, Songtao, and Longbizui). The integrated iron chemistry and redox-sensitive trace element data suggest that euxinic mid-depth waters dynamically coexisted with oxic surface waters and ferruginous deep waters during the earliest Cambrian, but that stepwise expansion of oxic waters commenced during Cambrian Stage 3 (~521-514 Ma). Combined with data from lower Cambrian sections elsewhere, including Oman, Iran and Canada, we infer that the global ocean exhibited a high degree of redox heterogeneity during the early Cambrian, consistent with low atmospheric oxygen levels (~10-40% of present atmospheric level, or PAL). A large spatial gradient in pyrite sulfur isotopic compositions (δ 34 S py), which vary from a mean of-12.0‰ in nearshore areas to +22.5‰ in distal deepwater sections in lower Cambrian marine units of South China imply low concentrations and spatial heterogeneity of seawater sulfate, which is consistent with a limited oceanic sulfate reservoir globally. By comparing our reconstructed redox chemistry with fossil records from the lower Cambrian of South China, we infer that a stepwise oxygenation of shelf and slope environments occurred concurrently with a gradual increase in ecosystem complexity. However, deep waters remained anoxic and ferruginous even as macrozooplankton and suspension-feeding mesozooplankton appeared during 3 Cambrian Stage 3. These findings suggest that the-Cambrian Explosion‖ in South China may have been primarily a consequence of locally improved oxygenation of the ocean-surface layer rather than of the full global ocean. Our observations are inconsistent with predicted changes in ocean chemistry driven by early Cambrian animals, suggesting that the influence of early Cambrian animals on contemporaneous ocean chemistry, as proposed in previous studies, may be overly exaggerated.

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Section: Sulfur Isotopic Recordssupporting

confidence: 91%

A highly redox-heterogeneous ocean in South China during the early Cambrian (∼529–514 Ma): Implications for biota-environment co-evolution

Jin

Algeo

et al. 2016

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

219

135

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“…, 1998; Brennan and Lowenstein, 2002; Horita et al. , 2002; Kovalevych et al. , 2003, 2004; Brennan et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, 2004; Petrychenko et al. , 2005), eastern Officer Basin (Kovalevych et al ., 2004) and the Late Silurian Michigan Basin (Petrychenko in Kovalevich et al. , 1998, Table 1); Brennan and Lowenstein, 2002; Horita et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Composition of brines in halite‐hosted fluid inclusions in the Upper Ordovician, Canning Basin, Western Australia: new data on seawater chemistry

et al. 2006

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Analyses of primary and early diagenetic fluid inclusions in the halite from the Late Ordovician Mallowa Salt, Canning Basin, Western Australia indicate a Ca-rich composition and high concentration of parent brines in the basin which were close to sylvite and carnallite precipitation. The salt-bearing series in the sampled interval was overheated up to 62°C. The recorded differences in gas compositions result from the input of several gas sources including dispersed organic matter in the salt series and hydrocarbon deposits in the underlying rocks. The high concentration of the brines in fluid inclusions does not allow quantitative reconstruction of the chemical composition of Late Ordovician parent seawater. Using the information from Early Cambrian and Late Silurian basins as a proxy, however, the new data indicate that Late Ordovician seawater was undoubtedly Ca-rich and, in comparison with modern seawater, had a similar K content, considerably lower Mg content (c. 30%), approximately three times the Ca content and one-third the SO 4 content.

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“…The boreholes are in the south‐central area of the structure, between the innermost ring (R1) and middle ring (R2), and are located ~1.9 km apart. Rock units encountered in the two cores consist of variably deformed sedimentary rocks, which are here provisionally assigned to the lower Cambrian Marla Group based on lithological similarities to that succession in other drill cores in the eastern Officer Basin (Kovalevych et al., 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shocked quartz in sandstone from the buried Ilkurlka impact structure, Officer Basin, Western Australia

Quintero,

Cavosie,

Alwmark

et al. 2023

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

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The Ilkurlka structure is an ~12 km diameter buried circular aeromagnetic anomaly within the Officer Basin in Western Australia. Prior studies postulated a range of origins, including meteorite impact. We report the presence of pervasive deformation in the first drill cores from the structure. Brecciated sandstone and siltstone contain arrays of quartz grains with concussion fractures and rare shocked quartz grains with planar deformation features (PDF). Universal stage measurements of two quartz grains reveal one grain with PDF parallel to (0001) orientation and three PDF sets parallel to . A second grain contains three PDF sets parallel to and one set parallel to . The shocked grains are interpreted to have formed in situ, rather than representing transported detrital shocked grains. These results suggest local shock compression of at least 10 GPa; however, preservation of primary porosity and overall paucity of shocked grains may indicate lower mean shock pressures. (U‐Th)/He dating of 58 apatite grains from four samples across both cores shows a dominant age population at ~265 Ma and a minor age population at ~135 Ma. These dates overlap with regional events and thus do not provide an unambiguous impact age. An upper Carboniferous to lower Permian maximum impact age is provisionally proposed based on inferred missing target rock stratigraphy.

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Deposition and chemical composition of early Cambrian salt in the eastern Officer Basin, South Australia

Cited by 15 publications

References 28 publications

A highly redox-heterogeneous ocean in South China during the early Cambrian (∼529–514 Ma): Implications for biota-environment co-evolution

A highly redox-heterogeneous ocean in South China during the early Cambrian (∼529–514 Ma): Implications for biota-environment co-evolution

Composition of brines in halite‐hosted fluid inclusions in the Upper Ordovician, Canning Basin, Western Australia: new data on seawater chemistry

Shocked quartz in sandstone from the buried Ilkurlka impact structure, Officer Basin, Western Australia

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