Deposition and Clearance Following Inhalation and Intratracheal Injection of Particles

Watson, Joseph A.; Spritzer, Albert A.; Auld, Judith A.; Guetthoff, Mary Ann

doi:10.1080/00039896.1969.10666804

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Using this method multiple lobes of the lung are involved (Figure 3). Although this may not exactly replicate inhalation, IT inoculation has been shown to reach deeper lung tissue than aerosol challenge and to deliver a known quantity of bacteria (Watson et al, 1969; Driscoll et al, 2000; Munder et al, 2002). It should be noted that this method assumes the use of an N95 or similar respirator and is not amenable for use with a PAPR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We attribute this to differential deposition in the lungs due to the difference in methods. It has been demonstrated that infection by IT inoculation results in a localization of the inoculum deeper into the lung which resulted in bacteria being deposited in the portion of the lung closest to the skin (Watson et al, 1969). In mice inoculated by IN, the bacteria are deposited more shallowly (Watson et al, 1969).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aerosolization method most closely resembles the route of natural infection in humans, but depending on particle size and the anatomical parameters of the animal, the procedure requires a higher titer of bacteria to achieve study dosages within the lungs (Brain et al, 1976; Munder et al, 2002). In the case of IN inoculation, the inoculum is applied to the nares of the mouse and is respired through the nasal passage into the lungs, but the majority of the inoculum remains within the nasal passages or is removed through the gastrointestinal tract; therefore, only a small portion of the inoculum is translocated into the lungs (Watson et al, 1969; Su et al, 2004). In addition, these routes of infection often result in high rates of infections of the nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) and olfactory tissues (CNS) in mice where such infections are uncommon in humans (Currie et al, 2000; Owen et al, 2009; Warawa et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IT inoculation has the advantages of being able to introduce a known quantity of sample directly into the lungs of the subject unlike either IN inoculation or aerosolization (Watson et al, 1969; Driscoll et al, 2000). Both surgical and non-invasive methods have been used to introduce various substances and bacteria directly into the lungs of mice to study toxicity or virulence (Ho and Furst, 1973; Brain et al, 1976; Lawrence et al, 1977; Starcher and Williams, 1989; Hastings and Summers-Torres, 1999; Driscoll et al, 2000; Munder et al, 2002; Su et al, 2004; Guilbault et al, 2005; Lacher et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A non-invasive intratracheal inoculation method for the study of pulmonary melioidosis

Revelli¹,

Boylan²,

Gherardini³

2012

Front. Cell. Inf. Microbio.

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Pulmonary melioidosis, a disease manifestation caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, has been studied using aerosols or intranasal (IN) inoculation in small animal models. Both have inherent disadvantages which may not accurately model primary pulmonary melioidosis in humans. Intratracheal inoculation (IT) by direct visualization of the tracheal opening offers an alternative technique for infection that overcomes the disadvantages of aerosol and IN challenge. In this study, we describe a method which requires relatively inexpensive equipment, little training, and is compliant with the operational constraints of a BSL3 laboratory. Results obtained using trypan blue demonstrated that an inoculum can be accurately delivered into the lungs of mice within a biosafety cabinet (BSC). Whole body imaging and histopathology confirmed that mice inoculated intratracheally with B. pseudomallei develop the primary focus of infection in the lungs, and not the nasal passages which can lead to invasion of the central nervous system and potential neurologic complications. Further, based on colony counts and bioluminescent imaging, dissemination to secondary organs occurred as expected. Taken together, this intratracheal method of inoculation fulfills four goals: (1) to accurately deliver B. pseudomallei into the lungs of the animal model, (2) to avoid potentially confounding complications due to primary infections at sites other than the lung, (3) to maintain normal organ dissemination, and (4) to be BSL3 compliant.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A non-invasive intratracheal inoculation method for the study of pulmonary melioidosis

Revelli¹,

Boylan²,

Gherardini³

2012

Front. Cell. Inf. Microbio.

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“…However, there are several limitations. The distribution of test material within the lung may be uneven and unlike that after inhalation because test materials are transported by large volumes of water rather than normal movements of air (Costa et al, 1986;Brain et al, 1976;Watson et al, 1969, Lang et al, 1994. Therefore, the kinetics of movement of particles within the lung may not be the same as with inhalation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Comparison of Synthetic Zeolite Catalysts and Alumina Binders Administered Intratracheally to Rats

Dalbey

Pulkowski²

2000

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

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An intratracheal (IT) screening assay was performed in rats on a series of aluminosilicate catalysts (synthetic zeolites) and alumina binders to compare their relative ability to cause pulmonary fibrosis and related changes. Before initiation of IT screens, both the uniformity of deposition and residence time of a prototype catalyst in the lung were determined. Subsequently, the test materials were instilled and animals were evaluated 6 mo later for lung volumes, pulmonary pressure-volume curves, pulmonary hydroxyproline (OHPro) content, lung weights, and histopathology. Negative controls were saline and glass beads; the positive control was quartz. The test materials were organic-free ZSM-5 crystals, organic form of ZSM-5 crystals, alumina-bound ZSM-5, nickel/ZSM-5/ Al2O3 binder, used nickel/ZSM-5/Al2O3 binder, nickel-tungsten/ZSM-5/Al2O3 binder, and Bayer pseudoboehmite. For each, groups of 12 male rats were dosed once with either 25 or 50 mg of ground particles (> or =95% less than 2.4 microm). Second to quartz, the sample of alumina caused the most pronounced pulmonary reactions at 6 mo after dosing. Therefore, the effects of four aluminas were subsequently compared (Bayer pseudoboehmite, Bayer gammaAl2O3, Ziegler pseudoboehmite, and Ziegler gammaAl2O3). The results support the idea of a lack of long-term effects from exposure to normal concentrations of these materials in the workplace. Also, the IT assay proved to be a very useful tool for ranking the relative effects of this series of zeolites and aluminas.

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Special Topics in Carcinogenesis

Grundmann¹

1973

Recent Results in Cancer Research

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Deposition and Clearance Following Inhalation and Intratracheal Injection of Particles

Cited by 24 publications

References 5 publications

A non-invasive intratracheal inoculation method for the study of pulmonary melioidosis

A non-invasive intratracheal inoculation method for the study of pulmonary melioidosis

Comparison of Synthetic Zeolite Catalysts and Alumina Binders Administered Intratracheally to Rats

Special Topics in Carcinogenesis

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