Deposition and Clinical Impact of Inhaled Particles in the Lung

Clarà, Pere Casan; Jerez, Francisco Rodríguez; Ramírez, José Belda; González, Cristina Martínez

doi:10.1016/j.arbres.2023.01.016

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…After a substance is inhaled and deposited in the lung, particles can dissolve and absorb into the systemic/pulmonary circulation. Others are cleared from the lung by pulmonary metabolism or alveolar macrophages, and those deposited higher up in the respiratory tract are removed by mucociliary clearance ( Clara et al, 2023 ).…”

Section: Test Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying new approach methodologies to assess next-generation tobacco and nicotine products

Thorne,

McHugh,

Simms

et al. 2024

Front. Toxicol.

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In vitro toxicology research has accelerated with the use of in silico, computational approaches and human in vitro tissue systems, facilitating major improvements evaluating the safety and health risks of novel consumer products. Innovation in molecular and cellular biology has shifted testing paradigms, with less reliance on low-throughput animal data and greater use of medium- and high-throughput in vitro cellular screening approaches. These new approach methodologies (NAMs) are being implemented in other industry sectors for chemical testing, screening candidate drugs and prototype consumer products, driven by the need for reliable, human-relevant approaches. Routine toxicological methods are largely unchanged since development over 50 years ago, using high-doses and often employing in vivo testing. Several disadvantages are encountered conducting or extrapolating data from animal studies due to differences in metabolism or exposure. The last decade saw considerable advancement in the development of in vitro tools and capabilities, and the challenges of the next decade will be integrating these platforms into applied product testing and acceptance by regulatory bodies. Governmental and validation agencies have launched and applied frameworks and “roadmaps” to support agile validation and acceptance of NAMs. Next-generation tobacco and nicotine products (NGPs) have the potential to offer reduced risks to smokers compared to cigarettes. These include heated tobacco products (HTPs) that heat but do not burn tobacco; vapor products also termed electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), that heat an e-liquid to produce an inhalable aerosol; oral smokeless tobacco products (e.g., Swedish-style snus) and tobacco-free oral nicotine pouches. With the increased availability of NGPs and the requirement of scientific studies to support regulatory approval, NAMs approaches can supplement the assessment of NGPs. This review explores how NAMs can be applied to assess NGPs, highlighting key considerations, including the use of appropriate in vitro model systems, deploying screening approaches for hazard identification, and the importance of test article characterization. The importance and opportunity for fit-for-purpose testing and method standardization are discussed, highlighting the value of industry and cross-industry collaborations. Supporting the development of methods that are accepted by regulatory bodies could lead to the implementation of NAMs for tobacco and nicotine NGP testing.

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Section: Test Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying new approach methodologies to assess next-generation tobacco and nicotine products

Thorne,

McHugh,

Simms

et al. 2024

Front. Toxicol.

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“…The treatment of airway diseases with inhalation devices has a number of major advantages over the oral route [ 9 ]. The doses used are lower, the onset of action is faster, the distribution is more limited to the target organ, with less bioavailability, and the potential adverse effects are mainly local.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Different Doses in Inhaled Therapy: A Comprehensive Analysis

Lopez-Campos,

Reinoso-Arija,

Ferrer Galván

et al. 2023

Pharmaceutics

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Background. Currently, there is a considerable degree of confusion over the dosage of inhaled medications. Here, we carried out a review of all the doses used for the devices used in inhalation therapy. Methods. We first performed a systematic search of the different inhalation devices included on the July 2023 Spanish Ministry of Health Billing List. We then consulted the Spanish Agency for Medicines and Health Products to find the updated official label and to obtain the information on the exact composition. Results. We identified 90 unique products, of which 22 were long-acting bronchodilators (and combinations thereof) and 68 were products containing inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). Overall, 10 products with bronchodilators and 40 with ICS were marketed with the metered dose, while 11 with bronchodilators and 28 with ICS were marketed with the delivered dose. In addition, in some bronchodilators, the drug was referred to as a type of salt, whereas in others the information referred to the drug itself. Conclusions. Our data show that for each inhaled drug there may be up to four different doses and that the marketed name may refer to any of these. Clinicians must be aware of these different dosages when prescribing inhaled medications.

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Membrane Permeability and Drug Targeting Potential of Phospholipid‐Based Nanocarriers in Lung Cancer Therapy

Sen,

Sarkar,

Das

et al. 2024

ChemistrySelect

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Lung cancer has become the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths, surpassing all other forms of cancer. Among lung cancers, non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of cases. The use of tobacco, genetic traits, and radiation exposure are amongst the major reasons of lung cancer. The ongoing research in the medical field has considered the efficacy of nanocarriers in targeting various cancer cells. Among several biomaterials, lipid‐based nanocarriers have gained special attention due to their excellent compatibility, improved targeting efficacy, and encapsulation ability of diverse therapeutic agents. Phospholipids are naturally occurring amphiphilic moieties found in all living creatures. The presence of phospholipids in biomembrane aids the permeability of phospholipid‐based drug carrier. It can also facilitate targeting of therapeutic agents to cancer microenvironment without degrading the encapsulated drug. Phospholipids can be employed to develop conjugated nanocarriers and vesicular nanoformulation that can result in prolonged circulatory half‐life and controlled release of drugs. Phospholipids are also suitable biomaterials to attach a ligand for tissue‐specific targeting. Recent researches have reported effective targeting of chemotherapeutic agents, genes, and vaccines through phospholipid‐based nanocarriers to lung cancer cells. This review focuses on the rationality and applications of phospholipid‐based nanocarriers in lung cancer therapy.

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Deposition and Clinical Impact of Inhaled Particles in the Lung

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

Applying new approach methodologies to assess next-generation tobacco and nicotine products

Applying new approach methodologies to assess next-generation tobacco and nicotine products

Evaluation of Different Doses in Inhaled Therapy: A Comprehensive Analysis

Membrane Permeability and Drug Targeting Potential of Phospholipid‐Based Nanocarriers in Lung Cancer Therapy

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