Deposition and Retention of 137Cs in the Rat Following Inhalation of the Chloride and the Nitrate

Lie, R.

doi:10.1097/00004032-196412000-00027

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…(266) Lie (1964) obtained similar results following inhalation of caesium nitrate by rats as for caesium chloride, but few details were given. In rats killed immediately after a 10-min inhalation exposure, nearly all of the activity had left the lungs, suggesting an absorption rate corresponding to a time of the order of 10 min (i.e .…”

Section: Caesium (Z = 55)mentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The data are (with those for caesium nitrate) used as the basis for the default rapid dissolution rate for caesium. Hence, specific parameter values for caesium chloride would be the same as default Type F caesium parameter values, and therefore caesium chloride is assigned to Type F instead. (b) Caesium nitrate (266) Lie (1964) obtained similar results following inhalation of caesium nitrate by rats as for caesium chloride, but few details were given. In rats killed immediately after a 10-min inhalation exposure, nearly all of the activity had left the lungs, suggesting an absorption rate corresponding to a time of the order of 10 min (i.e .…”

Section: Caesium (Z = 55)mentioning

confidence: 93%

“… (a) Caesium chloride (262) Animal experiments have shown that caesium chloride (CsCl) is rapidly and completely absorbed from the respiratory tract following inhalation. Lie (1964) and Thomas (1969) observed that in mice, rats, and guinea pigs killed less than 20 min after a 10-min inhalation exposure to 137 CsCl, nearly all of the activity had left the lungs, suggesting an absorption rate corresponding to a time of the order of 10 min (i.e. s r ∼100 d −1 ).…”

Section: Caesium (Z = 55)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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ICRP Publication 137: Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 3

Paquet¹,

Bailey²,

Leggett³

et al. 2017

Ann ICRP

236

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The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP, 2007) introduced changes that affect the calculation of effective dose, and implied a revision of the dose coefficients for internal exposure, published previously in the Publication 30 series (ICRP, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1988) and Publication 68 (ICRP, 1994). In addition, new data are now available that support an update of the radionuclide-specific information given in Publications 54 and 78 (ICRP, 1988a, 1997b) for the design of monitoring programmes and retrospective assessment of occupational internal doses. Provision of new biokinetic models, dose coefficients, monitoring methods, and bioassay data was performed by Committee 2, Task Group 21 on Internal Dosimetry, and Task Group 4 on Dose Calculations. A new series, the Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides (OIR) series, will replace the Publication 30 series and Publications 54, 68, and 78. OIR Part 1 has been issued (ICRP, 2015), and describes the assessment of internal occupational exposure to radionuclides, biokinetic and dosimetric models, methods of individual and workplace monitoring, and general aspects of retrospective dose assessment. OIR Part 2 (ICRP, 2016), this current publication and upcoming publications in the OIR series (Parts 4 and 5) provide data on individual elements and their radioisotopes, including information on chemical forms encountered in the workplace; a list of principal radioisotopes and their physical half-lives and decay modes; the parameter values of the reference biokinetic model; and data on monitoring techniques for the radioisotopes encountered most commonly in workplaces. Reviews of data on inhalation, ingestion, and systemic biokinetics are also provided for most of the elements. Dosimetric data provided in the printed publications of the OIR series include tables of committed effective dose per intake (Sv Bq−1 intake) for inhalation and ingestion, tables of committed effective dose per content (Sv Bq−1 measurement) for inhalation, and graphs of retention and excretion data per Bq intake for inhalation. These data are provided for all absorption types and for the most common isotope(s) of each element. The electronic annex that accompanies the OIR series of publications contains a comprehensive set of committed effective and equivalent dose coefficients, committed effective dose per content functions, and reference bioassay functions. Data are provided for inhalation, ingestion, and direct input to blood. This third publication in the series provides the above data for the following elements: ruthenium (Ru), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te), iodine (I), caesium (Cs), barium (Ba), iridium (Ir), lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi), polonium (Po), radon (Rn), radium (Ra), thorium (Th), and uranium (U).

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Section: Caesium (Z = 55)mentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Caesium (Z = 55)mentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Caesium (Z = 55)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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ICRP Publication 137: Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 3

Paquet¹,

Bailey²,

Leggett³

et al. 2017

Ann ICRP

236

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show abstract

“…(C136) Experimental evidence suggests that there is little binding of caesium. According to Publication 71 (ICRP, 1995b): 'Animal experiments have also shown that simple ionic compounds (chloride and nitrate) of caesium are rapidly and completely absorbed from the respiratory tract, consistent with assignment to Type F (Lie, 1964;Stara, 1965;Boecker, 1969;Cuddihy and Ozog, 1973).' This indicates that respiratory tract binding of caesium can be neglected.…”

Section: Caesiummentioning

confidence: 73%

ANNEX B: Deposition, characterisation, and sampling of radioactive aerosols

Valetin¹

2002

Ann ICRP

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B.1. Aerosols: particle sizes, deposition mechanisms, and size distributions (B1) Since the terminology relating to particle sizes and mechanisms varies somewhat in the literature, this report follows that used in Publication 66 (ICRP 1994a), Annex D, Deposition of Inhaled Particles. Main advantages Main disadvantages Filter Radioactive species Radioactivity concentration Radiochemical composition Physical diameter Shape 'Total' aerosol Easy to use Personal samplers available Penetration of radioactive particles into the matrix of some filter media Interference from other dusts Cascade impactor Radioactive species Radioactivity concentration Radiochemical composition Aerodynamic diameter Density 0.5-15 Direct measurement of aerodynamic diameter Personal samplers available Particle bounce and re-entrainment Low-pressure impactor Radioactive species Radioactivity concentration Radiochemical composition Aerodynamic diameter Density 0.05-15 Direct measurement of aerodynamic diameter Particle bounce and re-entrainment Measures aerodynamic, rather than thermodynamic diameter in submicron range Virtual impactor Radioactive species Radioactivity concentration Radiochemical composition Aerodynamic diameter Density 0.5-15 Direct measurement of aerodynamic diameter Higher loading capacity than cascade impactor Contamination of larger particles by smaller ones Cyclone Radioactive species Radioactivity concentration Radiochemical composition Aerodynamic diameter 0.5-20 High loading capacity Limited ability to separate submicron particles Elutriator Radioactive species Radioactivity concentration Radiochemical composition Aerodynamic diameter 5-50 Easy to use High loading capacity Large size of the instrument

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“…Tl is a known neurotoxin, and levels in urine are correlated with levels of exposure, in which urine levels can stay elevated for at least a year following heightened exposure [11,12]. Retention time in the excretion of Cs is related to muscle mass [13][14][15], and Cs levels are slightly higher in the skeletal muscle than other tissue. Excretion of urine Cs may be related to muscle catabolism; therefore, factoring it into a model may help mitigate the influence of muscle catabolism on urine dilution adjustment with creatinine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Urine Creatinine and Urine Osmolality in Spot Samples among Men and Women in the Danish Diet Cancer and Health Cohort

Ozdemir

Sears

Harrington

et al. 2021

Toxics

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Assays of urine biomarkers often use urine creatinine to account for urinary dilution, even though creatinine levels are influenced by underlying physiology and muscle catabolism. Urine osmolality—a measure of dissolved particles including ions, glucose, and urea—is thought to provide a more robust marker of urinary dilution but is seldom measured. The relationship between urine osmolality and creatinine is not well understood. We calculated correlation coefficients between urine creatinine and osmolality among 1375 members of a subcohort of the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Cohort, and within different subgroups. We used linear regression to relate creatinine with osmolality, and a lasso selection procedure to identify other variables that explain remaining variability in osmolality. Spearman correlation between urine creatinine and osmolality was strong overall (ρ = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.89–0.91) and in most subgroups. Linear regression showed that urine creatinine explained 60% of the variability in urine osmolality, with another 9% explained by urine thallium (Tl), cesium (Cs), and strontium (Sr). Urinary creatinine and osmolality are strongly correlated, although urine Tl, Cs, and Sr might help supplement urine creatinine for purposes of urine dilution adjustment when osmolality is not available.

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Deposition and Retention of 137Cs in the Rat Following Inhalation of the Chloride and the Nitrate

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

ICRP Publication 137: Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 3

ICRP Publication 137: Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 3

ANNEX B: Deposition, characterisation, and sampling of radioactive aerosols

Relationship between Urine Creatinine and Urine Osmolality in Spot Samples among Men and Women in the Danish Diet Cancer and Health Cohort

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