Deposition Methods of Graphene as Electrode Material for Organic Solar Cells

Abstract

Advances in the research of graphene in the development of optoelectronic devices have clearly witnessed a strong increase in the past few years. Graphene, a zero bandgap semiconducting material exhibits exceptional properties such as high conductivity, mechanical robustness, optical transparency, flexibility and much more yet to be discovered. Due to its extraordinary properties, graphene is believed to have the potential to replace many traditional electrode materials that are being used in optoelectronic devices. To achieve a high device performance various deposition techniques have been developed to deposit a thin, transparent, and uniform layer of graphene on different substrates. However, the success of these methods strongly relies on the processing conditions, resulting morphology and the work function of the graphene films. This review summarizes the developments in the synthesis and deposition methods of graphene electrodes in combination with organic solar cells over the past 10 years.

Hybrid Silver Nanowire and Graphene‐Based Solution‐Processed Transparent Electrode for Organic Optoelectronics

“…Spray coating was selected over several deposition techniques because of its versatility upon a variety of substrates and good potential for scaled‐up production . Moreover, the morphology of films can be manipulated by fine control of parameters . To determine the optimum conditions, we fabricated films with different concentration of AgNWs dispersion (0.4–1.0 mg mL −1 ) and spray pressure (1.5–2.8 bar) (Figure S4, Supporting Information).…”

Graphene‐Based Transparent Conductive Films: Material Systems, Preparation and Applications

“…Graphene is a highly recommended material for TCFs due to its excellent electrical conductivity and optical transmittance in the visible and near‐infrared (NIR) region . Moreover, graphene exhibits high flexibility and outstanding chemical stability .…”

Graphene Derivatives: Controlled Properties, Nanocomposites, and Energy Harvesting Applications

“…Based on the previously described characteristics of the graphene, it is expected that the first applications designed for it are in [1] substitution of the indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, since this material is fragile, expensive, and with a transmittance of 90% [1]. It has been Figure 16.…”

“…Graphene, a unique two-dimensional carbon material with exceptional properties as high electrical and thermal conductivity, zero band gap, high optical transmittance and superior mechanical performance than steel [1], is often regarded as the material of the twenty-first century. A great focus is being added to graphene in all scientific fields, such as physics, chemistry, and even medicine.…”