Deposition of metals and metalloids in the fumarolic fields of Guallatiri and Lastarria volcanoes, northern Chile

Inostroza, Manuel; Aguilera, Felipe; Menzies, Andrew; Layana, Susana; González, Cristóbal; Ureta, Gabriel; Sepúlveda, José Pablo; Scheller, S.; Boehm, Stephan; Barraza, María Alejandra; Tagle, R.; Patzschke, Max

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.106803

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This process can also replace existing mineral phases and precipitate new secondary minerals at shallower depths (Ganino et al, 2019; Hynek et al, 2013; Rowe & Brantley, 1993; Rye et al, 1992). Acid sulfate alteration forms typical intermediate and advanced argillic mineral assemblages, including phyllosilicates (Dill, 2016; Hynek et al, 2013), sulfates (Rye et al, 1992; Zimbelman et al, 2005), sulfides, and native sulfur (Inostroza et al, 2020; Piochi et al, 2015). The majority of hydrothermal alteration occurs beneath the surface in hypogene conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrothermal Alteration on Composite Volcanoes: Mineralogy, Hyperspectral Imaging, and Aeromagnetic Study of Mt Ruapehu, New Zealand

Keresztúri

Schaefer

Miller

et al. 2020

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Prolonged volcanic activity can induce surface weathering and hydrothermal alteration that is a primary control on edifice instability, posing a complex hazard with its challenges to accurately forecast and mitigate. This study uses a frequently active composite volcano, Mt Ruapehu, New Zealand, to develop a conceptual model of surface weathering and hydrothermal alteration applicable to long‐lived composite volcanoes. The alteration on Mt Ruapehu was classified using ground samples as non‐altered, supergene argillic, intermediate argillic, and advanced argillic. The first two classes have a paragenesis that is consistent with surficial infiltration and circulation of low‐temperature (<40°C) neutral to mildly acidic fluids, inducing chemical weathering and formation of weathering rims on rock surfaces. The intermediate and advanced argillic alteration formed from hotter (≥100°C) hydrothermal fluids with lower pH, interacting with the andesitic to dacitic host rocks. The distribution of weathering and hydrothermal alteration has been mapped with airborne hyperspectral imaging through image classification, while aeromagnetic data inversion was used to map alteration to up to 500‐m depth. The joint use of hyperspectral imaging complements the geophysical methods since it can spectrally identify hydrothermal alteration mineralogy. This study established a conceptual model of hydrothermal alteration history of Mt Ruapehu, exemplifying a long‐lived and nested active and ancient hydrothermal system. This study's combination approach can be used to indicate the most likely sources of future debris avalanches, which are a significant hazard on Ruapehu.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Table S1 • Table S2 • Table S3 including phyllosilicates (Dill, 2016;Hynek et al, 2013), sulfates (Rye et al, 1992;Zimbelman et al, 2005), sulfides, and native sulfur (Inostroza et al, 2020;Piochi et al, 2015). The majority of hydrothermal alteration occurs beneath the surface in hypogene conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal Alteration on Composite Volcanoes: Mineralogy, Hyperspectral Imaging, and Aeromagnetic Study of Mt Ruapehu, New Zealand

Keresztúri

Schaefer

Miller

et al. 2020

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…Remarkably enhanced waterrock interaction processes, overpressurization and heating of the hydrothermal system were also responsible for the anomalous seismic activity of April 2018 (Figure 6), which encompassed two seismic swarms concentrated on 16-17 April (140 VT earthquakes; one felt) and 27-28 April (180 VT earthquakes; two felt, including the M L 4.1). The input of heat and deep magmatic gases at the roots of the hydrothermal system can be supported by the higher S/Co and Sb/Pr ratios, which involve elements with the opposite volatile behavior at La Soufriere volcano [60], by assuming (i) the magmatic origin of S and Sb (the origin of Sb is still inconclusive, but its concentration is high in subduction-related magmatichydrothermal systems; [37,71,72] and (ii) a hydrothermal rock-related origin of Co and Pr. Consistent with this, the high CO 2 /CH 4 ratios during the AP1 (Figure 6i) strongly point to the input of hot and CO 2 -rich magmatic gases into the hydrothermal system [11,73].…”

Section: Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Hydrothermal Activity Using Major and Trace Elements in Low-Temperature Fumarolic Condensates: The Case of La Soufriere de Guadeloupe Volcano

et al. 2022

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At the hydrothermal stage, volcanoes are affected by internal and external processes that control their fumarolic and eruptive activity. Monitoring hydrothermal activity is challenging given the diverse nature of the processes accounting for deeper magmatic and shallow hydrothermal sources. A better understanding of these processes has commonly been achieved by combining geochemical and geophysical techniques. However, existing geochemical techniques only include the surveillance of major gas components in fumarolic emissions or major ions in cold/thermal springs. This work presents a long-term (2017–2021) surveillance of major and trace elements in fumarolic condensates from the Cratère Sud vent, a low-temperature steam-rich emission from the La Soufriere de Guadeloupe volcano. This fumarole presented a fluctuating performance, offering a unique opportunity to reveal the behavior of major and trace elements, as well as the physicochemical processes affecting magmatic and hydrothermal sources. Time-series analyses allowed for the identification of pH-related chemical fluctuations associated with (1) variable inputs of deep magmatic components at the root of the hydrothermal system, (2) pressurization episodes of the hydrothermal system with increasing fluid–rock interaction, acid gas scrubbing, and vapor scavenging of metals, and (3) the decreased hydrothermal activity, decreasing scrubbing efficiency. Variations in the volatile content (e.g., S, Sb, B, Cl, Bi, Zn, Mo, Br, Cd, Ag, Cu, and Pb), the amount of leached rock-related elements (e.g., Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Rb, Sr, Y, Cs, Ba, REEs, and U), and variations in the concentration of Cl and S alone, are postulated as key parameters to monitor volcanic–hydrothermal systems in unrest, such as La Soufriere. Our results demonstrate that monitoring using condensates is a useful geochemical technique, complementing conventional methods, such as “Giggenbach” soda flasks or the so-called Multigas.

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“…Fumaroles are present on erupting or persistently degassing volcanoes, and look like as holes or areas on the ground where volcanic gas discharges to the atmosphere. Such sites are typically covered with altered rocks and multi-colored deposits called "fumarolic incrustations" and "fumarolic sublimates" [e.g., 5,[6][7][8]. In terms of mineral and chemical composition, fumarolic deposits differ significantly from the surrounding rocks, which is explained by hydrothermal alteration of rocks under the influence of acid gases [6,9], as well as by the precipitation of elements transported by gases [e.g., 10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precipitation of Minerals from Water-Rich Fumarolic Gas Using a Flow-through Benchtop Installation

Zelenski¹,

Taran²,

Korneeva³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Volcanic fumaroles are openings in the earth's surface, where volcanic gases discharge to the atmosphere. Metallic and non-metallic elements contained in gases form specific mineral precipitates upon cooling. Although the presence of metals in fumarolic gases has long been known, their concentrations are generally low and difficult to measure directly. A laboratory model of a fumarole may resolve the situation if the complex gas composition could be accurately reproduced. Here we describe a new experimental approach that allows accurately simulating fumarolic gases in terms of their main components (H2O, CO2, S, HCl), as well as adding volatile metal compounds. Gas is generated inside a special flow-through reactor, at the outlet of which the elements contained in the gas form temperature-dependent mineral sequence inside the attached silica-glass tube. Using this installation, we obtained laboratory sublimates from reducing (H2S-rich) gases similar to natural ones in terms of mineral composition and mineral habits. Twenty-one phases have been identified in sublimates, among which are simple and complex chlorides, simple sulfides and six sulfosalts. Comparison of the sublimate deposition from H2O-rich gas at 1 bar with similar works performed in evacuated ampoules at low pressure showed that fumarolic gases behave like an ideal gas, in which molecules do not interact with each other, and reactive compounds in the gas serve in fact as an inert carrier of volatile metals species. Changing the composition of the gas at the outlet of the installation, its flow rate and temperature, we can observe the corresponding changes in mineral precipitates and in such a way study the factors affecting mineral formation on natural fumarolic fields.

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Deposition of metals and metalloids in the fumarolic fields of Guallatiri and Lastarria volcanoes, northern Chile

Cited by 21 publications

References 48 publications

Hydrothermal Alteration on Composite Volcanoes: Mineralogy, Hyperspectral Imaging, and Aeromagnetic Study of Mt Ruapehu, New Zealand

Hydrothermal Alteration on Composite Volcanoes: Mineralogy, Hyperspectral Imaging, and Aeromagnetic Study of Mt Ruapehu, New Zealand

Monitoring Hydrothermal Activity Using Major and Trace Elements in Low-Temperature Fumarolic Condensates: The Case of La Soufriere de Guadeloupe Volcano

Precipitation of Minerals from Water-Rich Fumarolic Gas Using a Flow-through Benchtop Installation

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