Deposition of Mn from Automotive Combustion of Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl beside the Major Highways in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada

Bhuie, A.K.; Roy, D. N.

doi:10.1080/10473289.2001.10464350

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…We have reported previously on Mn concentrations in surface soil (0 -5 cm) samples collected at similar sites beside Highways 400 and 401 of the GTA. 19 The present study will contribute to the understanding of anthropogenic Mn and how biogeochemical processes influence its uptake by plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The product was developed in the 1950s by scientists at Ethyl Corporation and is marketed under the trade name HiTEC 3000-performance additive. 19,20 It is a straw-colored liquid that has a very low vapor pressure at room temperature (0.05 mm Hg at 20°C ), is completely miscible in gasoline, and is very slightly soluble in water. MMT decomposes rapidly to Mn oxide, carbon monoxide (CO), and unidentified organic compounds in air in the presence of sunlight with a half life of a few seconds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may be because of the natural abundance of Mn in the surface soil because the concentration of total Mn in soils, aside from soils affected by pollution, can range from Ͻ1 to 6000 g/g. 19 The total Mn levels were found to be normal in the surface soils (i.e., 583.33 g/g) at site E ϩ selected beside…”

Section: Chemical Analysis and Statistical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may be because Mn released from the automobile tailpipes gets dispersed at higher levels in the atmosphere, or because of the natural abundance of Mn in soil. 19 The concentration of Mn in plants increases with the increase in availability of Mn in the soil. The availability of Mn in surface soil (0 -5 cm) at the E ϩϩ (17.55 g/g) and E ϩϩϩ (17.57 g/g) sites were found to be very low, as reported in the earlier findings of the study.…”

Section: Urban Sites (E ؉؉ and E ؉؉؉ )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 While the site was closed and woody, it was assumed to be less exposed to Mn as compared with the other sites located in an urban landscapes. Therefore, a higher deposition of Mn was expected in grass samples collected beside Highway 401 (see Table 3).…”

Section: Chemical Analysis and Statistical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Manganese Content of Tradescancia Species Exposed to Automotive Combustion of Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl in Urban and Rural Landscapes

Bhuie

Ogunseitan

Roy

2004

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of manganese (Mn) from methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) on grass (Tradescancia) species beside the major urban and rural highways in the greater Toronto area. Grass clippings were collected at distances up to 40 m from the roadside of a wooded, weakly exposed site (E ϩ ) and two unwooded, highly exposed sites (E ϩϩ and E ϩϩϩ ) to Mn contamination. Statistical tests, including analysis of variance and correlation coefficients, were used to compare the Mn deposition on grass species with respect to distance and traffic density. A higher deposition of Mn was expected at the highly exposed sites when compared with the weakly exposed site, but a significantly higher concentration of Mn was observed at weakly exposed rural E ϩ site (Mn ϭ 54.07 g/g; dry wt) than the highly exposed urban E ϩϩ (Mn ϭ 38.17 g/g; dry wt) and E ϩϩϩ (Mn ϭ 35.63 g/g; dry wt) sites. A significant correlation coefficient was found for Mn and traffic density (r 2 ϭ 0.311, p ϭ 0.0074) at the weakly exposed site than at the highly exposed (r 2 ϭ 0.1589, p ϭ 0.1052) urban sites. These data demonstrate that despite the continuous use of MMT in Canadian gasoline, the levels do not appear to exceed the worldwide tolerable levels (17-334 g/g; dry wt) in grass species inhabiting ecosystems next to major highways in urban regions. INTRODUCTIONManganese (Mn) is essential for plant growth, but excess levels can be detrimental. Concentrations of 1 mg Mn/L in plant growth media is toxic to tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), and bush clover (Lespsdeza sp.). 1 Excess Mn in the growth medium may interfere with the absorption, translocation, and utilization of other mineral elements, such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and phosphorous (P), and higher Mn concentrations in plant tissues can alter activities of enzymes and hormones, so that essential Mnrequiring processes become less active or nonfunctional. 2,3 For example, in cotton, Mn toxicity has been associated with an increased activity of indoleacetic acid oxidase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase; lower activities of catalase, ascorbic acid oxidase, and glutathione oxidase; lower ATP contents; and finally, lower respiration rates. 4 Symptoms of Mn toxicity vary among plant species, ranging from marginal chlorosis and necrosis of leaves of, for example, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), rape (Brassica napus L.), or lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.); to interveinal and marginal chlorosis along with brown necrotic spotting in, for example, sweet-potato (Ipomoea batatas L.), snapbean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), lettuce, barley (Horeum vulgare L.), or cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.); to small dark spots surrounded by irregular areas of chlorotic tissues in, for example, marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) and geranium (Pelagonium Xhortorum Bailey). [5][6][7][8] Although expression of Mn toxicity varies considerably among plant species, brown spots on older leaves is a typical symptom.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Analysis and Statistical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Urban Sites (E ؉؉ and E ؉؉؉ )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Analysis and Statistical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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