Deposition of Pesticide to the Soil and Plant Retention During Crop Spraying: The Art State

Abstract

Environment pollution related to pesticides has been confirmed by the scientific community for a long time, but the available information on the impact of this phenomenon on human health and the ecosystem are still insufficient. Contamination of the environment can occur through various pathways, ground deposits during the application of pesticides to crops are one of those pathways. The retention rate of sprayed droplets is an important factor both for the efficacy of the phytosanitary treatment and the quantities of lost pesticides on the ground. This paper presents an overview of factors that affect spray droplet behavior, involved process in sprayed drop fate and the mainly techniques for measuring pesticide deposits to the ground and plant retention. We present studies that have focused on pesticide retention and soil deposition during crop spraying in relation to sprayer equipment, used formulation and climatic factors. Plant retention and pesticide deposits during spray is a complex problem depending mainly on physical sprayer parameters, climatic conditions, spray properties and chemical formulation. By illustrating the large variety of analytical methods during the recently years, it aims to explain that it is always possible to assess the impact of pesticides in all compartments of the environment. The use of concerned molecules and natural collectors is the safest to evaluate the real situation, but the use of tracers and artificial targets is both very reported and safety for the environment.

Effect of sprayer parameters and wind speed on spray retention and soil deposits of pesticides: Case of artichoke cultivar

“…Tests were performed by spraying the Brilliant Sulfo-Flavin tracer [BSF (Biovalley, France)] at a concentration of 1 g/L, as a substitute for pesticide (Gil et al 2007;Allagui et al 2018). To capture deposits, artichoke leaves acted as collectors for D f , while small plastic carpets were used under the plant foliage for D s (Bahrouni et al 2008).…”

“…To understand the pesticide deposition process and to predict D f and D s , researchers have been fol-lowing different approaches. Allagui et al (2018) cited extensive research that has been focused on understanding the spray movement near the plant area. They reported that various computational models were developed to simulate the droplets deposition process (Forster et al 2005;Dorr et al 2014).…”

Influence of Plant Leaf Moisture Content on Retention of Electrostatic-Induced Droplets

“…Additionally, increasing the electrostatic spraying voltage significantly improved droplet retention on the leaf surface of different crops. Tomato leaves have sparse, glandular hairs, and droplets falling into these glandular structures spread rapidly on the leaf surface, increasing droplet adhesion [29]. However, as the electrostatic voltage increases, the maximum retention on the crop leaves increases.…”

“…The agricultural spraying process is divided into deposition, retention, absorption, and transfer [28,29], of which retention is a key indicator of the effectiveness of agricultural spraying technology. A variety of factors can affect the retention of electrostatic droplets on the crop surface.…”

A Facile Approach to Increasing the Foliage Retention of Pesticides Based on Coating with a Tannic Acid/Fe3+ Complex

“…According to many studies, off-target application, run off, and leaching during the traditional spray-based application of pesticides cause nearly 70% of the compounds to be unused, meaning that they enter air, soil, and aquatic ecosystems where they may undergo bioconcentration and ultimately threaten human health [11,12]. The weak adhesion of pesticides to crop leaves is the main reason for the waste associated with the spraying of pesticides [13][14][15]. Therefore, enhancing this adhesion along with reduction of loss, such as rolling down, leaching and bounce off, could increase the effective utilization efficiency of pesticides while positively contributing to the maintenance of various ecosystems.…”