Deposition of Stainless Steel Thin Films: An Electron Beam Physical Vapour Deposition Approach

Ali, Naser; Teixeira, Joao A.; Addali, Abdulmajid; Saeed, Maryam; Alzubi, Feras; Sedaghat, Ahmad; Bahzad, Husain

doi:10.3390/ma12040571

Cited by 37 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Moreover, systematic studies are required to understand and standardize the influence of operational parameters such as high pressure, high temperature, flow rate, particles concentration, and suspension thermophysical properties on the system performance. Furthermore, there is still a need for a better understanding of the fouling build-up mechanism that is commonly associated with the use of nanofluids in systems of elevated temperatures as this newly introduced thin-film is likely to change the wettability behavior of the surface, and with it the dynamics of the flow [ 493 , 494 , 495 ]. Knowing this can open the door for introducing systematic washing routines, whether online, offline, or both, that can help in extending the heat transfer efficiency of the PTSC.…”

Section: Discussion and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon-Based Nanofluids and Their Advances towards Heat Transfer Applications—A Review

et al. 2021

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Nanofluids have opened the doors towards the enhancement of many of today’s existing thermal applications performance. This is because these advanced working fluids exhibit exceptional thermophysical properties, and thus making them excellent candidates for replacing conventional working fluids. On the other hand, nanomaterials of carbon-base were proven throughout the literature to have the highest thermal conductivity among all other types of nanoscaled materials. Therefore, when these materials are homogeneously dispersed in a base fluid, the resulting suspension will theoretically attain orders of magnitude higher effective thermal conductivity than its counterpart. Despite this fact, there are still some challenges that are associated with these types of fluids. The main obstacle is the dispersion stability of the nanomaterials, which can lead the attractive properties of the nanofluid to degrade with time, up to the point where they lose their effectiveness. For such reason, this work has been devoted towards providing a systematic review on nanofluids of carbon-base, precisely; carbon nanotubes, graphene, and nanodiamonds, and their employment in thermal systems commonly used in the energy sectors. Firstly, this work reviews the synthesis approaches of the carbon-based feedstock. Then, it explains the different nanofluids fabrication methods. The dispersion stability is also discussed in terms of measuring techniques, enhancement methods, and its effect on the suspension thermophysical properties. The study summarizes the development in the correlations used to predict the thermophysical properties of the dispersion. Furthermore, it assesses the influence of these advanced working fluids on parabolic trough solar collectors, nuclear reactor systems, and air conditioning and refrigeration systems. Lastly, the current gap in scientific knowledge is provided to set up future research directions.

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Section: Discussion and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon-Based Nanofluids and Their Advances towards Heat Transfer Applications—A Review

et al. 2021

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“…Figure 17 shows an example of coated and uncoated compressor blades, and Table 5 lists some of the materials commonly used to form the deposited films on compressor blades. Coating processes are usually classified as one of the following three groups [137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150].…”

Section: Spe Protection Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid Particle Erosion Behaviour and Protective Coatings for Gas Turbine Compressor Blades—A Review

et al. 2020

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Gas turbines (GTEs) are often utilised in harsh environments where the GT components, including compressor vanes and rotor blades, are subject to erosion damage by sand and dust particles. For instance, in a desert environment, the rate of damage made by solid particles erosion (SPE) becomes severe, and therefore results in degradation to the GTE parts, lowering the cycle efficiency, reducing the device lifetime, and increasing the overall cost of the operation. As such, understanding the erosion mechanism caused by solid particles and the effects associated with it is crucial for selecting the appropriate countermeasures and maintaining the system performance. This review paper provides a survey of the available studies on SPE effects on GTEs and surface protective coatings. Firstly, the ductile and brittle SPE mechanism is presented, as well as the ductile-brittle transition region. Then, an in-depth focus on the parameters associated with the SPE, such as particles properties and impingement conditions, is introduced. Furthermore, the existing theoretical models are shown and discussed. Afterwards, erosion resistant coating materials for surface protection and their selection criteria are covered in the review. Finally, the gap in knowledge and future research direction in the field of SPE on GTEs are provided.

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“…Our review of the available literature quoted above shows that the pH value of nanofluids has a strong effect on its stability, and that the pH value of the suspension is influenced by its temperature and NPs concentration. The effect of a fluid pH was also reported to extend to the level of changing the wettability nature of the surface in contact to it [44,45]. Given these facts, using an ultrasonic device for preparing nanofluids will lead to an increase in the fluid temperature and hence affect the resulting pH value of the nanofluid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New pH Correlations for Stainless Steel 316L, Alumina, and Copper(I) Oxide Nanofluids Fabricated at Controlled Sonication Temperatures

Ali

Teixeira

Addali

2019

JNanoR

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This research investigates the pH value of stainless steel (SS) 316L/ deionised water (DIW), alumina (Al2O3)/DIW, and copper (I) oxide (Cu2O)/DIW nanofluids prepared using a two-step controlled sonication temperature approach of 10°C to 60°C. The nanoparticles volumetric concentration of each family of as-prepared nanofluid ranged from 0.1 to 1.0 vol%, using as-received nanopowders, of 18 – 80 nm average particles size. Furthermore, the pH measuring apparatus and the measurement procedure were validated by determining the pH of commercially supplied calibration fluids, of pH 4, 7, and 10. Following the validation, pH correlations were obtained from the experimental measurements of the 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 vol% nanofluids in terms of varied sonication bath temperatures and volumetric concentrations. Those correlations were then combined into one robust pHnf correlation and validated using the pH data of the 0.3 and 0.7 vol% nanofluids. The new proposed correlation was found to have a 2.18%, 0.92%, and 0.63%, average deviation from the experimental pH measurements of SS 316L, Al2O3, and Cu2O nanofluids, respectively, with an overall prediction accuracy of ~ 92%.

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Deposition of Stainless Steel Thin Films: An Electron Beam Physical Vapour Deposition Approach

Cited by 37 publications

References 49 publications

Carbon-Based Nanofluids and Their Advances towards Heat Transfer Applications—A Review

Carbon-Based Nanofluids and Their Advances towards Heat Transfer Applications—A Review

Solid Particle Erosion Behaviour and Protective Coatings for Gas Turbine Compressor Blades—A Review

New pH Correlations for Stainless Steel 316L, Alumina, and Copper(I) Oxide Nanofluids Fabricated at Controlled Sonication Temperatures

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