Deposition of Ti–6Al–4V using laser and wire, part I: Microstructural properties of single beads

Brandl, Erhard; Michailov, Vesselin; Viehweger, Bernd; Leyens, Christoph

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2011.07.095

Cited by 166 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Further away from the weld centre line, Zone 5 in Figure 11, is the unaffected base material microstructure. Similar variations in the microstructure as for welding are induced by metal deposition with wire (Brandl et al 2011a). Figure 12 shows an exemple of such microstructure.…”

Section: Microstructure Due To Weld Thermal Cyclementioning

confidence: 66%

“…The welding metallurgy for the studied alloy is detailed in the following. The schematic drawings in Figure 11 are proposed based on the physical metallurgy of welding by Easterling (1993), a general fusion weld analysis of titanium in Lütjering and Williams (2003), the microstructure investigation in Brandl et al (2011a), and own microstructure analysis and modelling. The Fusion Zone (FZ), or solidified weld, is situated in the centre of the joint, Zone 1 in Figure 11.…”

Section: Microstructure Due To Weld Thermal Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

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A model for Ti–6Al–4V microstructure evolution for arbitrary temperature changes

Murgau

Pederson

Lindgren

2012

Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng.

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This thesis is devoted to microstructure modelling of Ti-6Al-4V. The microstructure and the mechanical properties of titanium alloys are highly dependent on the temperature history experienced by the material. The developed microstructure model accounts for thermal driving forces and is applicable for general temperature histories. It has been applied to study wire feed additive manufacturing processes that induce repetitive heating and cooling cycles. The microstructure model adopts internal state variables to represent the microstructure through microstructure constituents' fractions in finite element simulation. This makes it possible to apply the model efficiently for large computational models of general thermomechanical processes. The model is calibrated and validated versus literature data. It is applied to Gas Tungsten Arc Welding -also known as Tungsten Inert Gas welding-wire feed additive manufacturing process. Four quantities are calculated in the model: the volume fraction of phase, consisting of Widmanstätten , grain boundary , and martensite . The phase transformations during cooling are modelled based on diffusional theory described by a Johnson-Mehl-AvramiKolmogorov formulation, except for diffusionless martensite formation where the Koistinen-Marburger equation is used. A parabolic growth rate equation is used for the to transformation upon heating. An added variable, structure size indicator of Widmanstätten , has also been implemented and calibrated. It is written in a simple Arrhenius format. The microstructure model is applied to in finite element simulation of wire feed additive manufacturing. Finally, coupling with a physically based constitutive model enables a comprehensive and predictive model of the properties that evolve during processing.

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Section: Microstructure Due To Weld Thermal Cyclementioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Microstructure Due To Weld Thermal Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

A model for Ti–6Al–4V microstructure evolution for arbitrary temperature changes

Murgau

Pederson

Lindgren

2012

Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng.

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“…When it comes to metal AM, aerospace appears to be leading the way, seeing opportunities to produce light-weight components, reduce manufacturing lead-times, and improve the buy-to-fly ratios [1][2][3][4][5]. While much development is focused on powder-based processes for fine detail in small parts, commercially available equipment is limited in terms of part build envelope and build rate, especially in aerospace applications [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards an automated robotic arc-welding-based additive manufacturing system from CAD to finished part

Ding

Shen

Pan

et al. 2016

Computer-Aided Design

158

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“…Laser metal deposition process is a contactless manufacturing process that is used for difficult to process materials such as Ti6Al4V [3]. Aerospace industry is in dear need of technology such as LMD process to reduce buy to fly ratio and for repair of high valued components that were not repairable in the past [4,5]. The flexibility offered by the LMD process makes it possible to fabricate parts made of composite and functionally graded materials [6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of studies have been carried out in the literature to understand the influence of processing parameters on the economy and properties of laser metal deposited materials [11][12][13][14][15][16]. In this study, the influence of powder flow rate on the microstructure and microhardness of laser metal deposited Ti6Al4V.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Powder Flow Rate on Properties of Laser Deposited Titanium Alloy -Ti6Al4V

Mahamood¹,

Akinlabi²

2017

Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Mechanics, Materials and Structural Engineering (ICMMSE 2017)

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Abstract. Titanium alloy-Ti6Al4V is an important aerospace alloy with excellent properties but it is classified as difficult to machine material that requires an alternative manufacturing process. Laser metal deposition process is an ideal alternative manufacturing process that can offset most of the problem encountered while processing the alloy using the traditional manufacturing method. Processing parameter play an important role in the resulting properties of material processed using the laser metal deposition process. The key processing parameters that have significant influence in the properties of the processed material in laser metal deposition process include laser power, scanning speed, powder flow rate and gas flow rate. In this study, the effect of powder flow rate on the evolving microstructure and microhardness of Ti6Al4V using the laser metal deposition process is investigated. The laser power, scanning speed and powder flow rate were kept constant while the powder flow rate was varied between 1.44 g/min and 7.2 g/min. The results showed that the microhardness increased as the powder flow rate was increased. The microstructure was found to change from coarse Widmanstätten alpha to coarse martensitic alpha as the powder flow rate was increased. This study is important to know the required powder flow rate to be employed in order to achieve the desired properties during building of new part as well as repair.

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Deposition of Ti–6Al–4V using laser and wire, part I: Microstructural properties of single beads

Cited by 166 publications

References 20 publications

A model for Ti–6Al–4V microstructure evolution for arbitrary temperature changes

A model for Ti–6Al–4V microstructure evolution for arbitrary temperature changes

Towards an automated robotic arc-welding-based additive manufacturing system from CAD to finished part

Influence of Powder Flow Rate on Properties of Laser Deposited Titanium Alloy -Ti6Al4V

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