Deposition quality and efficiency improvement method for additive manufacturing of Ti–6Al–4V using gas metal arc with CMT

Lee, Tae Hyun; Kang, Minjung; Oh, Je Hoon; Kam, Dong-Hyuck

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2022.117720

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Moreover, due to the high tunability of the processing parameters, it enables also the welding of dissimilar materials that in general are difficult to join, such as aluminum alloys and steel 13 . Still concerning the materials aspect, the CMT process has been investigated for various materials and alloys such as steel [14][15][16][17][18][19] , nickel superalloys, 20,21 and light alloys based on magnesium 13 , aluminum, 22,23 and titanium [24][25][26] . Among the latter, Ti6Al4V titanium alloy could represent a very interesting case study: this α + β alloy is well known for its outstanding mechanical properties and it is used in plenty of sectors 27 , but in relation to the traditional manufacturing paradigms it implies huge costs in terms of produced waste and machining difficulties so that, for instance, in the case of the aerospace sector it implies a high buy-to-fly ratio 28 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the aforementioned potential benefits of using CMT for the Ti6Al4V processing, there is a lack of information in the literature concerning this specific case. More precisely, even if several authors studied and developed the CMT process for the Ti6Al4V alloy [24][25][26] , a lot of information concerning the performance of the parts as well as the influence of different process parameters is missing. The reason for this could be ascribed in the first instance to the difficulties of processing titanium alloys, as they are very sensitive to environmental oxidation with a subsequent need to protect extensively the processing region of interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of energy input on fatigue crack growth behavior of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V made by WAAM‐CMT

El Hassanin,

Campatelli,

Sepe

et al. 2024

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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This work deals with the investigation and characterization of Ti6Al4V parts produced with an intriguing manufacturing process belonging to the Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) family: the Cold Metal Transfer technology (CMT). Wall‐shaped parts were produced according to different process parameters, namely the wire feed speed and voltage–current combinations, leading to different energy inputs. The parts were characterized in terms of surface morphology, microhardness, microstructure, tensile properties, and fatigue crack growth. The results suggested that the investigated deposition parameters led to similar results. Moreover, the mechanical and fatigue crack growth behavior was in line with parts of the same alloy produced through other manufacturing routes, whereas the microstructure type was the result of the fast cooling of the molten material. Finally, considering the simple system adopted to avoid oxidation during the deposition stage, the results suggested that CMT is a promising manufacturing technique for titanium alloy semifinished parts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of energy input on fatigue crack growth behavior of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V made by WAAM‐CMT

El Hassanin,

Campatelli,

Sepe

et al. 2024

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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“…During the CMTAM process, it is capable of achieving less spatter, better arc stability and higher forming efficiency [16][17][18]. Lee used the He shielding gas to improve the Ti deposition quality by increasing the wettability through the effective arc energy in the CMT-GMA (cold metal transfer-gas metal arc) process of Ti-6Al-4V alloy deposition; the method improved the bead quality and increased the wire-feed deposition efficiency [19]. Lv improved the tensile property of cold metal transfer additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloys via ultrasonic impact treatment; the strength and ductility were synchronously enhanced by double-sided UIT [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Fabrication of Cold Metal Transfer Additive Manufacturing and Laser Metal Deposition for Ti6Al4V: The Microstructure and Dynamic/Static Mechanical Properties

Chen,

Liang,

et al. 2024

Materials

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The titanium alloy components utilized in the aviation field are typically large in size and possess complex structures. By utilizing multiple additive manufacturing processes, the precision and efficiency requirements of production can be met. We investigated the hybrid additive manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V using a combination of cold metal transfer additive manufacturing (CMTAM) and laser metal deposition (LMD), as well as the feasibility of using the CMT-LMD hybrid additive manufacturing process for fabricating Ti-6Al-4V components. Microstructural examinations, tensile testing coupled with digital image correlation and dynamic compressive experiments (by the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system) were employed to assess the parts. The results indicate that the interface of the LMD and CMTAM zone formed a compact metallurgical bonding. In the CMTAM and LMD zone, the prior-β grains exhibit epitaxial growth, forming columnar prior-β grains. Due to laser remelting, the CMT-LMD hybrid additive zone experiences grain refinement, resulting in equiaxed prior-β grains at the interface with an average grain size smaller than that of the CMTAM and LMD regions. The microstructures reveal significant differences in grain orientation and morphology among the zones, with distinct textures forming in each zone. In the CMT-LMD hybrid zone, due to interfacial strengthening, strain concentration occurs in the arc additive zone during tensile testing, leading to fracture on the CMTAM zone. Under high-strain-rate dynamic impact conditions, the LMD region exhibits ductile fracture, while the CMTAM zone demonstrates brittle fracture. The hybrid zone combines ductile and brittle fracture modes, and the CMT-LMD hybrid material exhibits superior dynamic impact performance compared to the single deposition zone.

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Parameter Optimization and Mechanism of Synchronous Wire-Powder Arc Melting Deposition of Aluminum Alloy

Meng

Gao

et al. 2023

J. of Materi Eng and Perform

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Deposition quality and efficiency improvement method for additive manufacturing of Ti–6Al–4V using gas metal arc with CMT

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Effect of energy input on fatigue crack growth behavior of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V made by WAAM‐CMT

Effect of energy input on fatigue crack growth behavior of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V made by WAAM‐CMT

Hybrid Fabrication of Cold Metal Transfer Additive Manufacturing and Laser Metal Deposition for Ti6Al4V: The Microstructure and Dynamic/Static Mechanical Properties

Parameter Optimization and Mechanism of Synchronous Wire-Powder Arc Melting Deposition of Aluminum Alloy

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