Deposition rates of viruses and bacteria above the atmospheric boundary layer

Reche, Isabel; Dorta, G.; Mladenov, Natalie; Winget, Danielle M.; Suttle, Curtis A.

doi:10.1038/s41396-017-0042-4

Cited by 200 publications

(195 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…dry or wet; Triadó‐Margarit, Calíz, Reche, & Casamayor, ). Reche, D'Orta, Mladenov, Winget, and Suttle () observed that the rates of bacterial deposition at two locations at the peak of Sierra Nevada in South‐eastern Spain were higher during rain with the intrusion of dust from the Sahara Desert (i.e. air masses from northern Africa) than during only dry deposition event.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partitioning between atmospheric deposition and canopy microbial nitrification into throughfall nitrate fluxes in a Mediterranean forest

et al. 2019

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Microbial activity plays a central role in nitrogen (N) cycling, with effects on forest productivity. Although N biotransformations, such as nitrification, are known to occur in the soil, here we investigate whether nitrifiers are present in tree canopies and actively process atmospheric N. This study was conducted in a Mediterranean holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) forest in Spain during the transition from hot dry summer to cool wet winter. We quantified NH4+—N and NO3-—N fluxes for rainfall (RF) and throughfall (TF) and used δ15N, δ18O and Δ17O to elucidate sources of NO3-. Finally, we characterized microbial communities and abundance of nitrifiers on foliage, RF and TF water through metabarcoding and quantitative polymerase chain reaction respectively. NO3—N fluxes at the site were larger in TF than RF, suggesting a contribution from dry deposition, as also supported by δ15N and δ18O. However, Δ17O indicated that about 20% of NO3- in TF derived from canopies nitrification in August, after a severe drought, with a lower proportion in September (≈8%). This seasonal partitioning between biologically and atmospherically derived NO3- coincided with a decreasing trend of the abundance of archaeal nitrifiers. Tree canopies and TF had more diverse microbial communities than RF. Yet, RF showed higher variability in microbial composition, likely associated with the origin of air masses. Synthesis. Atmospheric N deposition is significantly altered after passing through tree canopies. While nitrification has been proposed as one of the mechanisms responsible for these changes, very few studies directly investigate its occurrence. Here, we showed that nitrification by epiphytic leaf microbes contributed to increasing NO3 in TF and that nitrifiers' activity was reduced going from the dry and hot summer to the cool winter. Overall, these results highlight the power of coupling microbial community analysis, functional gene amplification and stable isotope approaches to examine ecosystem‐scale processes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partitioning between atmospheric deposition and canopy microbial nitrification into throughfall nitrate fluxes in a Mediterranean forest

et al. 2019

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“…At the same time, a number of studies have shown that airborne transmission route could spread viruses even further the close contact with infected people [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Paules et al (2020) highlighted that -besides close distance contacts -airborne transmission of SARS-CoV can also occur [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential role of Particulate Matter in the Spreading of COVID-19 in Northern Italy: First Evidence-based Research Hypotheses

Setti

Passarini

Gennaro

et al. 2020

Preprint

111

100

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Background: An epidemic model based only on respiratory droplets and close contact could not fully explain the regional differences in the spread of the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome COVID-19 in Italy, which was fast and dramatic only in Lombardy and Po Valley. On March 16 th 2020, we presented a Position Paper proposing a research hypothesis concerning the association between higher mortality rates due to COVID-19 observed in Northern Italy and the peaks of particulate matter concentrations, frequently exceeding the legal limit of 50 µg/m 3 as PM 10 daily average Methods: To assess environmental factors related to the spread of the COVID-19 in Italy from February 24 th to March 13 th (the date when the lockdown has been imposed over Italy), official daily data relevant to ambient PM 10 levels were collected from all Italian Provinces between February 9 th and February 29 th , taking into account the average time (estimated in 17 days) elapsed between the initial infection and the recorded COVID positivity. In addition to the number of exceedances of PM 10 daily limit value, we considered also population data and daily travelling information per each Province. Results. PM 10 daily limit value exceedances appear to be a significant predictor (p < .001) of infection in univariate analyses. Less polluted Provinces had a median of 0.03 infection cases over 1000 residents, while most polluted Provinces had a median of 0.26 cases over 1000 residents. Thirty-nine out of 41 Northern Italian Provinces resulted in the category with highest PM 10 levels, while 62 out of 66 Southern Provinces presented low PM 10 concentrations (p< 0.001). In Milan, the average growth rate before the lockdown was significantly higher than Rome (0.34 vs. 0.27 per day, with a doubling time of 2.0 days vs. 2.6), suggesting a basic reproductive number R 0 >6.0, comparable with the highest values estimated for China.

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“…Closely related viruses occurring in blooms on opposite sides of the globe, while remarkable, is consistent with reports from both marine and freshwater systems (Short and Suttle, ; Sabehi et al ., ; Holmfeldt et al ., ). A recent study demonstrated that viruses are dispersed across distant ecosystems via atmospheric transport and deposition of dust and aerosolized particles of marine origin, providing a compelling explanation for this commonly observed phenomenon (Reche et al ., ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii Virus and host: genomic characterization and ecological relevance

Martin

Moniruzzaman

Mucci

et al. 2018

Environmental Microbiology

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Summary Cylindrospermopsis (Raphidiopsis) raciborskii is an invasive, filamentous, nitrogen‐fixing cyanobacterium that forms frequent blooms in freshwater habitats. While viruses play key roles in regulating the abundance, production and diversity of their hosts in aquatic ecosystems, the role(s) of viruses in the ecology of C. raciborskii is almost unexplored. Progress in this field has been hindered by the absence of a characterized virus–host system in C. raciborskii. To bridge this gap, we sequenced the genome of CrV‐01T, a previously isolated cyanosiphovirus, and its host, C. raciborskii strain Cr2010. Analyses suggest that CrV‐01T represents a distinct clade of siphoviruses infecting, and perhaps lysogenizing, filamentous cyanobacteria. Its genome contains unique features that include an intact CRISPR array and a 12 kb inverted duplication. Evidence suggests CrV‐01T recently gained the ability to infect Cr2010 and recently lost the ability to form lysogens. The cyanobacterial host contains a CRISPR‐Cas system with CRISPR spacers matching protospacers within the inverted duplication of the CrV‐01T genome. Examination of metagenomes demonstrates that viruses with high genetic identity to CrV‐01T, but lacking the inverted duplication, are present in C. raciborskii blooms in Australia. The unique genomic features of the CrV/Cr2010 system offers opportunities to investigate in more detail virus–host interactions in an ecologically important bloom‐forming cyanobacterium.

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Deposition rates of viruses and bacteria above the atmospheric boundary layer

Cited by 200 publications

References 49 publications

Partitioning between atmospheric deposition and canopy microbial nitrification into throughfall nitrate fluxes in a Mediterranean forest

Partitioning between atmospheric deposition and canopy microbial nitrification into throughfall nitrate fluxes in a Mediterranean forest

The Potential role of Particulate Matter in the Spreading of COVID-19 in Northern Italy: First Evidence-based Research Hypotheses

Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii Virus and host: genomic characterization and ecological relevance

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