Depressant Agent from Walnut Hulls

Westfall, B. A.; Russell, Robert L.; Auyong, Theodore K.

doi:10.1126/science.134.3490.1617.a

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…If donor plants grow in riparian areas, allelochemicals may cross ecosystem boundaries (Jackrel & Wootton, 2015 ) and leach into the adjacent water bodies, especially during precipitation, which was shown for allelochemicals from bracken (Skrbic et al, 2021 ). Ecotoxicological studies in the laboratory, performed with the extracted allelochemical juglone and other natural toxins, revealed negative effects of these compounds on water dwelling organisms, such as an increased mortality in zoo‐ and phytoplankton (Griffiths et al, 2021 ; Westfall et al, 1961 ; Wright et al, 2007 ). Based on these findings, invasive terrestrial plants, that form monospecific stands in riparian areas may not only affect terrestrial native plant species they may additionally affect the neighboring aquatic ecosystems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Beauty is a beast: Does leachate from the invasive terrestrial plant Impatiens glandulifera affect aquatic food webs?

Diller

Drescher

Hofmann

et al. 2022

Ecology and Evolution

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Invasive alien species are a major threat to ecosystems. Invasive terrestrial plants can produce allelochemicals which suppress native terrestrial biodiversity. However, it is not known if leached allelochemicals from invasive plants growing in riparian zones, such as Impatiens glandulifera , also affect freshwater ecosystems. We used mesocosms and laboratory experiments to test the impact of I. glandulifera on a simplified freshwater food web. Our mesocosm experiments show that leachate from I. glandulifera significantly reduced population growth rate of the water flea Daphnia magna and the green alga Acutodesmus obliquus , both keystone species of lakes and ponds. Laboratory experiments using the main allelochemical released by I. glandulifera , 2‐methoxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone, revealed negative fitness effects in D. magna and A. obliquus . Our findings show that allelochemicals from I. glandulifera not only reduce biodiversity in terrestrial habitats but also pose a threat to freshwater ecosystems, highlighting the necessity to incorporate cross‐ecosystem effects in the risk assessment of invasive species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Beauty is a beast: Does leachate from the invasive terrestrial plant Impatiens glandulifera affect aquatic food webs?

Diller

Drescher

Hofmann

et al. 2022

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Hence it is possible that Daphnia populations may adapt to certain concentrations of 2-MNQ and thus the risk posed by allelochemicals released from I. glandulifera may decline. However, phytotoxins, such as alkaloids or quinones affect daphnids already at relatively low concentrations 30 , 37 , 41 , 42 . In addition, naphthoquinones have high persistence time in pond water, e. g. juglone was shown to have a half-life of 87 ± 7.4 h 68 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In sub-lethal concentrations such compounds can affect the fitness of organisms either by reducing growth, reducing fecundity or compromising the immune system 30 , 40 . It was shown that a similar compound, juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone), an allelochemical produced by the black walnut tree, Juglans nigra , can increase the mortality in D. magna , when the animals are treated with finely ground walnut hulls or the purified substance 37 , 41 . Recently, for 2-MNQ below 12 mg/l it has been shown to alter fitness of D. magna as well by increasing the mortality (EC 50 = 2.84 mg/l), reducing body size (EC 50 = 0.649 mg/l) and number offspring (EC 50 = 1.60 mg/l) 42 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allelochemical run-off from the invasive terrestrial plant Impatiens glandulifera decreases defensibility in Daphnia

Diller

Hüftlein

Lücker

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Invasive species are a major threat for native ecosystems and organisms living within. They are reducing the biodiversity in invaded ecosystems, by outcompeting native species with e. g. novel substances. Invasive terrestrial plants can release allelochemicals, thereby reducing biodiversity due to the suppression of growth of native plants in invaded habitats. Aside from negative effects on plants, allelochemicals can affect other organisms such as mycorrhiza fungi and invertebrates in terrestrial ecosystems. When invasive plants grow in riparian zones, it is very likely that terrestrial borne allelochemicals can leach into the aquatic ecosystem. There, the often highly reactive compounds may not only elicit toxic effects to aquatic organisms, but they may also interfere with biotic interactions. Here we show that the allelochemical 2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (2-MNQ), produced by the ubiquitously occurring invasive terrestrial plant Impatiens glandulifera, interferes with the ability of Daphnia to defend itself against predators with morphological defences. Daphnia magna and Daphnia longicephala responded with morphological defences induced by chemical cues released by their corresponding predators, Triops cancriformis or Notonecta sp. However, predator cues in combination with 2-MNQ led to a reduction in the morphological defensive traits, body- and tail-spine length, in D. magna. In D. longicephala all tested inducible defensive traits were not significantly affected by 2-MNQ but indicate similar patterns, highlighting the importance to study different species to assess the risks for aquatic ecosystems. Since it is essential for Daphnia to adapt defences to the current predation risk, a maladaptation in defensive traits when simultaneously exposed to allelochemicals released by I. glandulifera, may therefore have knock-on effects on population dynamics across multiple trophic levels, as Daphnia is a key species in lentic ecosystems.

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“…Modern research confirmed the antifungal activity of plumbagin against Candida albicans [15,16] . Juglone, the nor‐analog of plumbagin, was isolated from common walnut Juglans regia and black walnut Juglans nigra [17,18] . Juglone showed antifungal activity, which was enhanced by formulation with poly( d , l ‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles [19] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Antifungal Activity of Natural Naphthoquinones and Anthraquinones against Madurella mycetomatis

Todd

Sande

et al. 2023

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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Eumycetoma, the fungal form of the neglected tropical disease mycetoma, is a crippling infectious disease with low response rates to currently available antifungal drugs. In this study, a series of natural naphthoquinones and anthraquinones was evaluated for their activity against Madurella mycetomatis, which is the most common causative agent of eumycetoma. The metabolic activity of Madurella mycetomatis as well as the viability of Galleria mellonella larvae upon treatment with quinones was investigated. Several hydroxy‐substituted naphthoquinones exhibited activity against Madurella mycetomatis. In particular, naphthazarin (5,8‐dihydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone) was identified as a considerably active antifungal compound against Madurella mycetomatis (IC50=1.4 μM), while it showed reduced toxicity to Galleria mellonella larvae, which is a well‐established in vivo invertebrate model for mycetoma drug studies.

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Depressant Agent from Walnut Hulls

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

The Beauty is a beast: Does leachate from the invasive terrestrial plant Impatiens glandulifera affect aquatic food webs?

The Beauty is a beast: Does leachate from the invasive terrestrial plant Impatiens glandulifera affect aquatic food webs?

Allelochemical run-off from the invasive terrestrial plant Impatiens glandulifera decreases defensibility in Daphnia

Antifungal Activity of Natural Naphthoquinones and Anthraquinones against Madurella mycetomatis

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