Depression among AIDS-orphaned children higher than among other orphaned children in southern India

Kumar, SG Prem; Dandona, Rakhi; Kumar, G Anil; Ramgopal, SP; Dandona, Lalit

doi:10.1186/1752-4458-8-13

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Consistent with previous research, our findings confirm that ALHIV had higher orphan rates than the general adolescent population in Namibia (62.6% vs. 15.7%), with 17.2% (vs. 2.7%) being double orphans (Namibia Statistics Agency, ). However, the finding that orphans did not have more mental health problems was unexpected, as previous research has shown that children orphaned due to AIDS, a high likelihood in the current study, are more vulnerable compared with other orphans (Cluver, Orkin, Gardner, & Boyes, ; Kumar, Dandona, Kumar, Ramgopal, & Dandona, ). However, associated variables, such as poverty or whether the orphan lives in a rural area, may impact this relationship.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 47%

Predictors of mental health problems in adolescents living with HIV in Namibia

Gentz

Romano

Martínez-Arias

et al. 2017

Child Adoles Ment Health

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Background Little research in sub‐Saharan Africa has looked at factors that predict mental health problems in adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV). This study examines the psychological impact of HIV in adolescents in Namibia, including risk and protective factors associated with mental health. Methods Ninety‐nine fully disclosed ALHIV between the ages of 12 and 18 were interviewed at a State Hospital in Windhoek. A structured questionnaire assessed mental health, using the SDQ (Goodman, 1997), sociodemographic factors, poverty, social support, adherence and stigma. Results Mean age was 14.3 years, 52.5% were female and most were healthy. Twelve percent scored in the clinical range for total mental health difficulties and 22% for emotional symptoms. Poverty was associated with more total mental health difficulties, t(96) = −2.63, p = .010, and more emotional symptoms, t(96) = −3.45, p = .001, whereas better social support was a protective factor, particularly caregiver support (r = −.337, p = .001). Adherence problems, HIV‐related stigma and disclosing one's own HIV status to others were also associated with more total mental health difficulties. Poverty (β = −.231, p = .023) and stigma (β = .268, p = .009) were the best predictors for total mental health difficulties, whereas stigma (β = .314, p = .002) predicted emotional symptoms. Social support had a protective effect on peer problems (p = .001, β = −.349). Conclusions Several contextual factors associated with poorer mental health in ALHIV are identified.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 47%

Predictors of mental health problems in adolescents living with HIV in Namibia

Gentz

Romano

Martínez-Arias

et al. 2017

Child Adoles Ment Health

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“…In the multiple linear regression models, variables were included when they were found to be associated with depressive symptoms in previous studies. These variables were age, HIV status, orphan status, sibling care practices, food security, general health status, ACEs, family dysfunction, and school attachment [ 23 , 28 , 34 – 36 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What are the factors associated with depressive symptoms among orphans and vulnerable children in Cambodia?

Ong

Yi²,

Tuot³

et al. 2015

BMC Psychiatry

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BackgroundCompared to general children, orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) are more exposed to negative outcomes in life such as abuse and neglect. Consequently, OVC are more susceptible to depression. This paper investigated factors associated with depressive symptoms among OVC in Cambodia.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, data of 606 OVC from the Sustainable Action against HIV and AIDS in Communities (SAHACOM) project were analyzed. The data were collected from five provinces and analyzed separately for boys and girls. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify factors independently associated with levels of depressive symptoms.ResultsBoth boys and girls who reported having been too sick making them unable to attend school or go to work in the past six months (boys: B = 3.5; 95 % CI = 0.7, 6.2; girls: B = 5.7; 95 % CI = 2.9, 8.5) and who had witnessed violence in the family (boys: B = 5.6; 95 % CI = 1.6, 9.6; girls: B = 5.8; 95 % CI = 1.7, 9.9) had a higher level of depressive symptoms. Girls who were older (B = 8.5; 95 % CI = 3.0, 14.0), who did not have enough food in the past six months (B = −8.7; 95 % CI = −13.7, −3.7) and whose parents were separated, divorced or dead (B = 3.9; 95 % CI = 0.5, 7.2) had a higher level of depressive symptoms. Higher level of school attachment was negatively associated with depressive symptoms in both genders (boys: B = −1.4; 95 % CI = −2.0, −0.9; girls: B = −1.4; 95 % CI = −2.0,-0.9).ConclusionsFactors such as physical health and exposure to violence may affect mental health of OVC in Cambodia. As health is of utmost importance, better healthcare services should be made easily accessible for OVC. Schools have the potential to act as a buffer against depressive symptoms. Therefore, efforts should be made to keep OVC in school and to improve the roles of school in Cambodia.

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“…In Uganda, one of the countries hardest hit by the epidemic in SSA, 1.2 million children are orphaned as a direct result of HIV/AIDS (UNICEF, 2016). For orphaned children, these negative effects include economic hardships, poor schooling and education outcomes, poor physical and mental health functioning because of psychological distress, stigma and discrimination, and the loss of social support from both the household and the community (Atwine, Cantor-Grace, & Bajunirwe, 2005;Chi & Li, 2013;Cluver, Orkin, Gardner, & Boyes, 2012;Foster & Williamson, 2000;Klein, Dougherty, & Olino, 2005;Kumar, Dandona, Kumar, Ramgopal, & Dandona, 2014;Lata & Verma, 2013;Nyambedha & Aagaard-Hansen, 2010). For orphaned children, these negative effects include economic hardships, poor schooling and education outcomes, poor physical and mental health functioning because of psychological distress, stigma and discrimination, and the loss of social support from both the household and the community (Atwine, Cantor-Grace, & Bajunirwe, 2005;Chi & Li, 2013;Cluver, Orkin, Gardner, & Boyes, 2012;Foster & Williamson, 2000;Klein, Dougherty, & Olino, 2005;Kumar, Dandona, Kumar, Ramgopal, & Dandona, 2014;Lata & Verma, 2013;Nyambedha & Aagaard-Hansen, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HIV/AIDS negatively affects not only the affected individual but also their household livelihoods and community safety nets. For orphaned children, these negative effects include economic hardships, poor schooling and education outcomes, poor physical and mental health functioning because of psychological distress, stigma and discrimination, and the loss of social support from both the household and the community (Atwine, Cantor-Grace, & Bajunirwe, 2005;Chi & Li, 2013;Cluver, Orkin, Gardner, & Boyes, 2012;Foster & Williamson, 2000;Klein, Dougherty, & Olino, 2005;Kumar, Dandona, Kumar, Ramgopal, & Dandona, 2014;Lata & Verma, 2013;Nyambedha & Aagaard-Hansen, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the nonkin support networks of orphaned adolescents participating in a family‐based economic‐strengthening intervention in Uganda

Nabunya

Padgett

Ssewamala

et al. 2018

Journal Community Psychology

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In this study, we examined the nonkin support networks of orphaned adolescents participating in a family‐based economic‐strengthening intervention in HIV‐impacted communities in Uganda. We analyzed data from a cluster randomized experimental study for orphaned adolescents aged 11–17 years. Participants were randomly assigned to either the control condition, which received bolstered standard of care (BSOC) services, or the treatment condition, which received BSOC services plus an economic‐strengthening intervention. We conducted binary logistic regression analyses to examine the effect of the intervention on participants’ nonkin support networks. Results indicated that the existing social support networks for orphaned adolescents are small, limited, and usually comprised individuals with similar socioeconomic situations and challenges. Because orphaned adolescents are socially isolated and the threshold for nonkin supportive services is very low, the BSOC services provided to the control condition appeared to be instrumental in their survival and well‐being. Availability of personal savings was associated with higher odds of identifying at least one supportive nonkin tie. The extended family system is still the primary and major source of social support to orphaned children in HIV‐affected communities. In the absence of public safety nets, building social assets, over and above offering economic opportunities to extended families supporting orphaned children, is critical.

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Depression among AIDS-orphaned children higher than among other orphaned children in southern India

Cited by 23 publications

References 29 publications

Predictors of mental health problems in adolescents living with HIV in Namibia

Predictors of mental health problems in adolescents living with HIV in Namibia

What are the factors associated with depressive symptoms among orphans and vulnerable children in Cambodia?

Examining the nonkin support networks of orphaned adolescents participating in a family‐based economic‐strengthening intervention in Uganda

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