Depression among Victims of South Mississippi's Methyl Parathion Disaster

Rehner, Timothy; Kolbo, Jerome R.; Trump, Robin; Smith, Christy M.; Reid, Donna

doi:10.1093/hsw/25.1.33

Cited by 38 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…The null and inverse associations we observed between reported pesticide use overall or use of specific pesticides and depression contrast with findings from several other studies (Bazylewicz-Walczak et al, 1999; Beseler et al, 2008; Carruth and Logan, 2002; London et al, 2005; Mackenzie Ross et al, 2010; Meyer et al, 2010; Rehner et al, 2000; Salvi et al, 2003; Villeneuve et al, 2009; Wesseling et al, 2010). These contradictory results may be explained by differences in the populations, designs, methods, sample sizes, or focus of our study relative to others.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Higher rates of depression and other psychiatric conditions have been linked to exposure to pesticides, particularly organophosphate insecticides, and living on or near farms (Bazylewicz-Walczak et al, 1999; Beseler and Stallones, 2008; Beseler et al, 2006, 2008; Carruth and Logan, 2002; London et al, 2005; Mackenzie Ross et al, 2010; Meyer et al, 2010; Rehner et al, 2000; Salvi et al, 2003; Stallones and Beseler, 2002a, 2002b; Villeneuve et al, 2009; Wesseling et al, 2010). Only a few of the previous studies of pesticide exposure and depression, however, were prospective (Bazylewicz-Walczak et al, 1999; Beseler and Stallones, 2008; Salvi et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pesticide exposure and self-reported incident depression among wives in the Agricultural Health Study

Beard

Hoppin

Richards

et al. 2013

Environmental Research

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Background Depression in women is a public health problem. Studies have reported positive associations between pesticides and depression, but few studies were prospective or presented results for women separately. Objectives We evaluated associations between pesticide exposure and incident depression among farmers’ wives in the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective cohort study in Iowa and North Carolina. Methods We used data on 16,893 wives who did not report physician-diagnosed depression at enrollment (1993-1997) and who completed a follow-up telephone interview (2005-2010). Among these wives, 1,054 reported physician diagnoses of depression at follow-up. We collected information on potential confounders and on ever use of any pesticide, 11 functional and chemical classes of pesticides, and 50 specific pesticides by wives and their husbands via self-administered questionnaires at enrollment. We used inverse probability weighting to adjust for potential confounders and to account for possible selection bias induced by the death or loss of 10,639 wives during follow-up. We used log-binomial regression models to estimate risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results After weighting for age at enrollment, state of residence, education level, diabetes diagnosis, and not dropping out of the cohort, wives’ incident depression was positively associated with diagnosed pesticide poisoning, but was not associated with ever using any pesticide. Use of individual pesticides or functional or chemical classes of pesticides was generally not associated with wives’ depression. Among wives who never used pesticides, husbands’ ever use of individual pesticides or functional or chemical classes of pesticides was generally not associated with wives’ incident depression. Conclusions Our study adds further evidence that high level pesticide exposure, such as pesticide poisoning, is associated with increased risk of depression and sets a lower bound on the level of exposure related to depression, thereby providing reassurance that the moderate levels of pesticide exposure experienced by farmers’ wives likely do not increase risk.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide exposure and self-reported incident depression among wives in the Agricultural Health Study

Beard

Hoppin

Richards

et al. 2013

Environmental Research

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“…Only one previous study evaluated the association between depression and a specific pesticide, finding a cross-sectional association between parathion exposure and CES-D scores indicative of clinical depression among 115 adults in Jackson County, Mississippi (Rehner et al 2000). We found that ever-use or trend versions of cumulative lifetime days of use of several individual pesticides, including parathion, were positively associated with depression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exposure to pesticides, particularly organophosphate insecticides (OPs), may be positively associated with depression (Bazylewicz-Walczak et al 1999; Beseler and Stallones 2008; Beseler et al 2006, 2008; Mackenzie Ross et al 2010; Onwuameze et al 2013; Rehner et al 2000; Salvi et al 2003; Weisskopf et al 2013; Wesseling et al 2010). However, only a few of these studies were longitudinal (Bazylewicz-Walczak et al 1999; Beseler and Stallones 2008; Onwuameze et al 2013; Salvi et al 2003)—an important consideration because many people with depression will recover and some may relapse (Colman and Ataullahjan 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide Exposure and Depression among Male Private Pesticide Applicators in the Agricultural Health Study

Beard

Umbach

Hoppin³

et al. 2014

Environ Health Perspect

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Background: Pesticide exposure may be positively associated with depression. Few previous studies have considered the episodic nature of depression or examined individual pesticides.Objective: We evaluated associations between pesticide exposure and depression among male private pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study.Methods: We analyzed data for 10 pesticide classes and 50 specific pesticides used by 21,208 applicators enrolled in 1993–1997 who completed a follow-up telephone interview in 2005–2010. We divided applicators who reported a physician diagnosis of depression (n = 1,702; 8%) into those who reported a previous diagnosis of depression at enrollment but not follow-up (n = 474; 28%), at both enrollment and follow-up (n = 540; 32%), and at follow-up but not enrollment (n = 688; 40%) and used polytomous logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. We used inverse probability weighting to adjust for potential confounders and to account for the exclusion of 3,315 applicators with missing covariate data and 24,619 who did not complete the follow-up interview.Results: After weighting for potential confounders, missing covariate data, and dropout, ever-use of two pesticide classes, fumigants and organochlorine insecticides, and seven individual pesticides—the fumigants aluminum phosphide and ethylene dibromide; the phenoxy herbicide (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4,5-T); the organochlorine insecticide dieldrin; and the organophosphate insecticides diazinon, malathion, and parathion—were all positively associated with depression in each case group, with ORs between 1.1 and 1.9.Conclusions: Our study supports a positive association between pesticide exposure and depression, including associations with several specific pesticides.Citation: Beard JD, Umbach DM, Hoppin JA, Richards M, Alavanja MCR, Blair A, Sandler DP, Kamel F. 2014. Pesticide exposure and depression among male private pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study. Environ Health Perspect 122:984–991; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307450

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“…Thus, in the absence of overt clinical signs, perturbations of the muscarinic receptor system did occur as a result of sub-chronic chlorpyrifos exposure. Such alterations may contribute to the negative sequelae associated with chronic organophosphorus compound exposure such as decreased mental concentration, loss of memory, irritability, and depression (Gershon and Shaw 1961;Metcalf and Holmes 1969;Rehner et al 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of sub-chronic in vivo chlorpyrifos exposure on muscarinic receptors and adenylate cyclase of rat striatum

Huff

Abu-Qare

Abou‐Donia

2001

Archives of Toxicology

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In this study dosing regimens were designed such that cholinesterase inhibition following exposure to chlorpyrifos was produced in one treatment group, but was absent in the other. The higher dosing regimen inhibited plasma and brain cholinesterase activities by 51 and 70%, respectively, and resulted in decreased [3H]cis-methyldioxolane ([3H]CD) binding, which was attributable to a decrease in Bmax. No concomitant loss of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB) binding sites was observed, indicating that the M2 muscarinic receptor subtype to which [3H]CD binds is particularly susceptible to alterations induced by chlorpyrifos treatment. As the M2 receptor subtype is surmised to be the muscarinic autoreceptor, decreases in this receptor may exacerbate poisoning by organophosphorus agents as a result of decreased ability to terminate synaptic acetylcholine release. The ability of carbachol to inhibit striatal adenylate cyclase, which is an effector molecule associated with the M2 receptor, was unaltered in chlorpyrifos-treated rats. Decreases in M2 receptors occurred with the higher dosing regimen, in the absence of any clinical manifestations. Thus, in the absence of overt clinical signs, perturbations of the muscarinic receptor system did occur as a result of sub-chronic chlorpyrifos exposure. Such alterations may contribute to neurological impairments that develop following chronic organophosphorus exposure.

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Depression among Victims of South Mississippi's Methyl Parathion Disaster

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

Pesticide exposure and self-reported incident depression among wives in the Agricultural Health Study

Pesticide exposure and self-reported incident depression among wives in the Agricultural Health Study

Pesticide Exposure and Depression among Male Private Pesticide Applicators in the Agricultural Health Study

Effects of sub-chronic in vivo chlorpyrifos exposure on muscarinic receptors and adenylate cyclase of rat striatum

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