Depression and African Americans in the First Decade of Midlife: The Consequences of Social Roles and Gender

Christie‐Mizell, C. André; Talbert, Ryan D.; Hope, Ashleigh Rene; Frazier, Cleothia; Hearne, Brittany N.

doi:10.1016/j.jnma.2018.10.012

Cited by 17 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In other words, we did not find support for the role accumulation thesis (see Thoits, 2003). Instead, the combination of social roles seems to factor more strongly into mental health for African American women than the sum of social roles, echoing findings from Jackson (1997) and Christie‐Mizell et al (2019). Ultimately, women that were employed only showed lower levels of psychological distress than unemployed spouses without children; single, unemployed mothers; employed spouses without children; single employed mothers; and mothers who were married, but not employed (Table 2, Model 3a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…For instance, unmarried parents may work in occupations with strict rules regarding attendance and tardiness; such parents may also have to handle housework and children (Grzywacz & Bass, 2003). Nevertheless, occupying multiple social roles can also be salubrious for mental health since roles link individuals to social, economic, and psychological resources (Christie‐Mizell, Talbert, Hope, Frazier, & Hearne, 2019). Occupying roles with which one strongly identifies can also provide individuals with a greater sense of purpose and meaning in life (Thoits, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specific role combinations generally shape exposure to stressful situations (Christie‐Mizell et al, 2019; Jackson, 1997; Menaghan, 1989; Simon, 1995). Although social roles can provide resources such as income for employees and social support from one's spouse, specific combinations can also expose people to overlapping demands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Familial Incarceration, Social Role Combinations, and Mental Health Among African American Women

Patterson

Talbert

Brown

2020

J of Marriage and Family

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ObjectiveThe current study uses insights from the stress process model and role theory to examine the relationship between familial incarceration, three key social roles—spouse, parent, and employee—and African American women's mental health.BackgroundResearch documents the spillover effects of mass incarceration on the families of those incarcerated. Approximately half of black women have at least one family member currently incarcerated; yet the potential psychological costs of familial incarceration among black women remains under‐investigated, particularly among those who are not parents.MethodUtilizing the National Survey of American Life, a nationally representative sample of never‐incarcerated African American women (N = 1,961), this study used regression to examine the association of mental health (measured by psychological distress and depressive symptomatology), familial incarceration, and combinations of social roles.ResultsFamilial incarceration was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms and psychological distress. Women that were employed only typically had improved psychological adjustment compared to other role combinations; yet, employment did not mute the mental health costs of familial incarceration.ConclusionAfrican American women disproportionately experience the incarceration of family members, and the findings demonstrate that this experience is detrimental to mental health. Though social roles variably provide social, psychological, and economic resources to cope with familial incarceration, results show that the mental health costs of incarceration are generally consistent across role combinations. The expansive criminal justice system holds large implications for the well‐being of populations at the intersection of race, gender, and social roles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Familial Incarceration, Social Role Combinations, and Mental Health Among African American Women

Patterson

Talbert

Brown

2020

J of Marriage and Family

Self Cite

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“…Another body of research draws attention to particular social role types and their impact on mental health. Much research centers on the psychological benefits of being a spouse, worker, and/or parent (e.g., Christie-Mizell et al 2019). These primary roles have in common a volitional element whereby role actors select themselves into that particular role (e.g., person gets married).…”

Section: Social Role Occupancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Race-Ethnicity, Social Roles, and Mental Health: A Research Update

Jackson

Erving

2020

J Health Soc Behav

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Social role involvement engenders sense of purpose and meaning to life, which sustains positive mental health. Racism within American society, however, results in experiences that disadvantage ethnoracial minorities, thus making it likely that social roles do not have universal remunerations. Using the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (N = 12,526), this study explores the association between role participation and psychological distress across nine ethnoracial groups. Results indicate that engaging in many roles is associated with better mental health for all ethnoracial groups. However, the combination of social roles has distinct effects for certain groups. We discuss the implications of the study findings for medical sociology, in general, and the social roles literature, in particular.

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“…And a study showed that 42% of depression cases had no higher education compared to 27% of the general population [ 9 ]. For both male and female, the study found that depression peaks between ages 40 and 50, accompanied by low self-esteem, sleep disorders and other symptoms [ 12 ]. It was also found that marriage and other intimate romantic partnerships (e.g., cohabitation) promote mental health and reduce depressive stress by providing social support [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the depression risk in the U.S. adults using nomogram

et al. 2022

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Background Depression has received a lot of attention as a common and serious illness. However, people are rarely aware of their current depression risk probabilities. We aimed to develop and validate a predictive model applicable to the risk of depression in US adults. Methods This study was conducted using the database of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2017–2012). In particular, NHANES (2007–2010) was used as the training cohort (n = 6015) for prediction model construction and NHANES (2011–2012) was used as the validation cohort (n = 2812) to test the model. Depression was assessed (defined as a binary variable) by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Socio-demographic characteristics, sleep time, illicit drug use and anxious days were assessed using a self-report questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate independent risk factors for depression. The nomogram has the advantage of being able to visualize complex statistical prediction models as risk estimates of individualized disease probabilities. Then, we developed two depression risk nomograms based on the results of logistic regression. Finally, several validation methods were used to evaluate the prediction performance of nomograms. Results The predictors of model 1 included gender, age, income, education, marital status, sleep time and illicit drug use, and model 2, furthermore, included anxious days. Both model 1 and model 2 showed good discrimination ability, with a bootstrap-corrected C index of 0.71 (95% CI, 0.69–0.73) and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.83–0.86), and an externally validated C index of 0.71 (95% CI, 0.68–0.74) and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.81–0.86), respectively, and had well-fitted calibration curves. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values of the models with 1000 different weighted random sampling and depression scores of 10–17 threshold range were higher than 0.7 and 0.8, respectively. Calculated net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) showed the discrimination or accuracy of the prediction models. Decision curve analysis (DCA) demonstrated that the depression models were practically useful. The network calculators work for participants to make personalized predictions. Conclusions This study presents two prediction models of depression, which can effectively and accurately predict the probability of depression as well as helping the U.S. civilian non-institutionalized population to make optimal treatment decisions.

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Depression and African Americans in the First Decade of Midlife: The Consequences of Social Roles and Gender

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

Familial Incarceration, Social Role Combinations, and Mental Health Among African American Women

Familial Incarceration, Social Role Combinations, and Mental Health Among African American Women

Race-Ethnicity, Social Roles, and Mental Health: A Research Update

Assessing the depression risk in the U.S. adults using nomogram

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