Depression and Anxiety Among Patients on Chronic Opioid Therapy

Abstract

Background:Chronic noncancer pain (CNCP) and chronic opioid therapy (COT) commonly coexist with comorbid depression and anxiety. We investigated the prevalence of depression and anxiety and their correlates at the time of controlled substance agreement (CSA) enrollment among patients with CNCP and a history of depression or anxiety on COT.Methods:Retrospective analysis of 1066 patients in a Midwest primary care practice enrolled in CSAs for COT between May 9, 2013, and August 15, 2016. Patients with self-reported symptoms or a clinical history of depression or anxiety were screened at CSA enrollment using the Patient Health Questionnaire–9 item scale and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder–7 item scale.Results:The percentage of patients screening positive for depression and anxiety at CSA enrollment was 15.4% and 14.4%, respectively. Patients screening positive for depression or anxiety were more likely to be younger, unmarried, unemployed, and live alone compared to patients not screening positive. Patients screening positive for depression or anxiety were more likely to smoke cigarettes and report concern from friends or relatives regarding alcohol consumption. Compared to patients screening negative, patients screening positive for depression had higher odds of receiving opioid doses of ≥50 morphine milligram equivalents per day (adjusted odds ratio: 1.62; 95% confidence interval: 1.01-2.58).Conclusion:Anxiety and depression are prevalent at enrollment in CSAs among patients receiving COT. Future research is needed to determine whether recognition of anxiety and depression leads to improved management and outcomes for this population.

Assessment of the Gail Model in Estimating the Risk of Breast Cancer: Effect of Cancer Worry and Risk in Healthy Women

“…Furthermore, PHQ -9 and GAD-7 appears to be a reliable and valid instrument that can be used to diagnose major depression (18.5%) and anxiety (15.2%) among Turkish women. This is consistent the with prevalence rate of major depression and anxiety observed rates 15.4% and 14.4% in United States among women (Elrashidi et al, 2018), also similarly study reported for the depression 14.7%, and anxiety 10.1% conducted in Latvia women (Ivanovs et al, 2018).…”

Screening for depression among a sample of US college students who engage in recreational prescription opioid misuse

“…30 For perspective, a recent study reported that among chronic non-cancer pain patients (n = 785) undergoing chronic opioid therapy, 14.6% screened positive for MDD utilizing the PHQ-9 and cut points applied by the current study. 28 Consistent with our findings, literature shows females as more prone to MDD. 12,17,22,23,30 A systematic review of depressive prevalence among university students identified only one study where males exhibited greater risk.…”

“…The PHQ-9 is a screening and diagnostic instrument for MDD, widely utilized in both clinical and research settings. 27,28 The PHQ-9 consists of 9 items each addressing specific symptoms of depression. The patient indicates whether they have been subject to any of the stated symptoms of depression over a period of the past two weeks.…”

The Influence of Family Function on State and Trait Anxiety of Chinese College Students During the Epidemic of COVID-19

“…Our results were similar to those of others. [24][25][26][27][28][29] The results of path analysis showed that family function has a signi cant impact on trait anxiety, and the path coe cient is 0.434 in male and 0.271 in female. Because the better the family function is, the lower the FAD-18 score is, and the higher the anxiety degree is, the higher the ST-AI score is.…”