Depression and Neurocognitive Performance After Concussion Among Male and Female High School and Collegiate Athletes

Kontos, Anthony P.; Covassin, Tracey; Elbin, R.J.; Parker, Tonya M.

doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2012.03.032

Cited by 219 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Frontal lobe damage can result in cognitive deficits that include (but are not limited to) problems of attention, motor control, spatial orientation, short-term memory, temporal and source memory, metamemory, associative learning, creativity, perseveration, and reasoning (Fuster, 1988). Damage can also have negative affective consequences, such as irritability, clinical depression, anxiety, and impulsivity (Broshek & Freeman, 2005;Guskiewicz et al, 2007;Kontos, Covassin, Elbin, & Parker, 2012). These deficits are a function of both capacity and complexity (Beers, Goldstein & Katz, 1994).…”

Section: Cognitive and Affective Factors Exacerbated By Stereotype Threatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who is Whistling Vivaldi? How Black football players engage with stereotype threats in college

Griffin

2016

International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education

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Who is Whistling Vivaldi?: How Black Football Players Engage with Stereotype Threats in CollegeWhitney Nicole Griffin Chair of the Supervisory Committee:Professor Clayton Cook Educational PsychologyResearch has shown that the threat of negative stereotypes can have pernicious effects on the decision-making thoughts and behaviors for those who are targets (Steele, 2011). When college students and professors subscribe to stereotypes that student-athletes enter college based solely on their physical abilities rather than their academic and intellectual capabilities, targets of the stereotypes may experience identity dissonance that exacerbates their decisions, behaviors, and ultimately their academic performance. In light of the impact of negative stereotypes on student-athlete performance, the purpose of this dissertation was to conduct a phenomenological, qualitative study that examined how Black male football players engage and cope with negative stereotypes at a predominantly White institution (PWI). Data was collected and analyzed from semi-structured interviews with 10 Black male football student-athletes employing grounded theory methodology to examine how they experience, are affected by, and respond to negative stereotypes.Empirical results elucidate various strategies employed to engage with stereotype threat.Thematic categories include responses that exacerbated, habituated to, or mitigated the stereotype encounter. The current study investigates the successful coping strategies Black football players currently use. Emergent themes gained from this inquiry helped the researcher 4 identify specific harbingers for interventions that would inculcate Black male student-athletes with tools to mitigate negative stereotypes that may undermine their performance in college and all areas of life. Implications are further discussed for postulating an institutionalized workshop series designed to teach effective coping mechanisms for all Black athletes.

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Section: Cognitive and Affective Factors Exacerbated By Stereotype Threatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who is Whistling Vivaldi? How Black football players engage with stereotype threats in college

Griffin

2016

International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education

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“…19 Findings for sex have been mixed in general TBI, 20 but in a study of sex differences in depression after sportrelated concussion, rates of depression symptoms among male and female athletes were similar. 15 It is interesting that severity of injury has not been a consistent predictor of PCDS in general TBI, 21,22 but loss of consciousness has been related to the risk of major depression in mild TBI (odds ratio ¼ 3.67). 6 Therefore, the purposes of our study were to (1) describe the prevalence of depression symptoms in a collegiate athlete sample at baseline and postconcussion, (2) compare these levels of symptoms and change in symptoms with those of a control group with no reported concussions in the year before the study, and (3) examine the baseline predictors for PCDS.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors and Prevalence of Postconcussion Depression Symptoms in Collegiate Athletes

Vargas

Rabinowitz

Meyer

et al. 2015

Journal of Athletic Training

120

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Context: Depression is common after concussion and is associated with functional outcome and quality of life after injury. However, few baseline predictors of postconcussion depressive symptoms (PCDS) have been found.Objective: To describe the prevalence of depressive symptoms in a collegiate athlete sample at baseline and postconcussion, compare these levels of symptoms and change in symptoms with those of a control group with no reported concussions in the past year, and examine the baseline predictors for PCDS.Design: Case-control study. Main Outcome Measure(s): The Beck Depression Inventory-Fast Screen was administered to the concussion group at baseline and postconcussion and to the control group at 2 time points.Results: Seventeen athletes (20%) showed a reliable increase in depression, and more athletes reported clinically important depression postconcussion than at baseline. Only 2 participants (5%) in the control group showed a reliable increase in depression. Concussed athletes were more likely to show a reliable increase in depression symptoms than control participants (v 2 1 ¼ 5.2, P ¼ .02). We also found several predictors of PCDS in the athletes, including baseline depression symptoms (r ¼ 0.37, P , .001), baseline postconcussion symptoms (r ¼ 0.25, P ¼ .03), estimated premorbid intelligence (full-scale IQ; r ¼ À0.29, P ¼ .009), and age of first participation in organized sport (r ¼ 0.34, P ¼ .002). For the control group, predictors of depression symptoms at time 2 were number of previous head injuries (r ¼ 0.31, P ¼ .05) and baseline depression symptoms (r ¼ 0.80, P , .001).Conclusions: A large proportion of athletes showed a reliable increase in depression after concussion, and we identified several baseline predictors. Given that depression affects quality of life and recovery from concussion, more research is necessary to better understand why certain athletes show an increase in PCDS and how these can be better predicted and prevented.Key Words: concussion, depressive symptoms, sports Key PointsThe prevalence of clinically important depression symptoms was higher postconcussion than at baseline. Postconcussion depression symptoms were related to a higher level of baseline depression symptoms and baseline postconcussion symptoms, lower estimated full-scale IQ, older age at first participation in organized sport, and fewer number of games missed due to concussion. Nonwhite ethnicity was associated with increased postconcussion depression symptoms. More research is needed to better predict which athletes might have more severe depression symptoms postconcussion.

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“…In the study of Kontos et al (11), in which sports-related depression levels were determined, depression levels are found to be high. This may be caused by traumatic events experienced by athletes during their sports lives.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of depression levels of elite wrestling and taekwondo athletes

KUMARTASLI¹,

ALP²,

YILDIZ³

2015

TJSE

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The aim of this study was to compare depression levels of elite wrestling and taekwondo athletes. To the study, 130 elite wrestlers and 130 elite taekwondo athletes who were now competing in the league between Universities. "Beck Depression Inventory" was used as a tool for collecting data. According to the scale consists of 21 questions used to determine the severity of the depressive symptoms, the reliability and validity coefficient values was found to be 86. The statistical analysis of the data, the frequency distribution analysis and "Independent t test" was applied. As a result of test depression levels of elit e wrestling and taekwondo athletes, the difference between groups was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). In conclusion, elite wrestler were defined more depressive than elite taekwondo athletes, so both of branches needed to be psychiatric examination according to possibility situation of the inventory.

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Depression and Neurocognitive Performance After Concussion Among Male and Female High School and Collegiate Athletes

Cited by 219 publications

References 27 publications

Who is Whistling Vivaldi? How Black football players engage with stereotype threats in college

Who is Whistling Vivaldi? How Black football players engage with stereotype threats in college

Predictors and Prevalence of Postconcussion Depression Symptoms in Collegiate Athletes

Comparison of depression levels of elite wrestling and taekwondo athletes

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