Depression and sleep quality in older adults: a meta-analysis

Abstract

The literature emphasizes depression and poor sleep quality as problems that affect many elderly individuals. However, these problems have been related in few studies and there is no meta-analysis performed so far on this relationship. The present research reviewed the studies performed on the subjective sleep quality in order to understand how it relates to depression in older adults. The review was conducted in January 2016 and comprised publications between 2005 and 2015. Based on the electronic databases Web of Science and EBSCO, we used the keywords 'sleep quality', 'depression', and 'older' to identify the empirical studies performed. After assessing the collected studies, we selected those that presented the elderly as participants, resulting in nine papers (N = 3069). A random-effects method was used to evaluate the relationship between depression and sleep. We found that an older person's lack of good sleep quality is significantly related with depression. The main limitation of this study was the difficulty in collecting a greater number of studies. Future research should consider the importance of additional variables (e.g. moderators) in order to understand and investigate viable interventions for prevention and health promotion in the elderly.

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“…In addition, Poor quality of sleep is in association with anxiety and depression. [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] Our results share several similarities with Potvin et al's ndings, which reported a signi cant association of PSQI subscales with anxiety, particularly sleep duration in hours, sleep disturbance score, and daytime functioning score. [40] Since sleep is a complex biological process, providing an exact pathophysiological theory as a justi cation of reported correlations between poor sleep quality, depression and anxiety have been a subject of controversy.…”

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“…Participants with current depressive symptoms will show poorer sleep quality than participants without current or historical depression. consecutive days and nights of wrist actigraphy, than participants without current or historical depression (Naismith et al, 2009(Naismith et al, , 2011 Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), participants with current depressive symptoms will report a greater amount of sleep problems than participants without current or historical depression (Foley et a., 1995;Becker, Jesus, Joao, Viseu, & Martins, 2017).…”