Depression and the ironic effects of thought suppression: Therapeutic strategies for improving mental control.

Beevers, Christopher G.; Wenzlaff, Richard M.; Hayes, Adele M.; Scott, Walter Dill

doi:10.1093/clipsy.6.2.133

Cited by 79 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Apart from the involvement of fewer men than women in the treatment procedures, the socialization processes of men might also play a role in the interpretation of the results. During their life cycle, men are usually expected to be strong and to suppress their emotions when encountering adversity, which might contribute to a higher prevalence of depression and hardly any changes in anxiety level [38].…”

Section: Emotional Reactions Of Infertile Couples During the Treatmenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in emotional reactions to in vitro fertilization treatment: a systematic review

Ying

Loke

2015

J Assist Reprod Genet

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Purpose The purposes of this paper are to provide a comprehensive picture of men and women's emotional reactions to infertility treatment, specifically In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) pursued by heterosexual couples, and to identify any differences between the genders. Methods Nonexperimental studies exploring the psychological effects of IVF treatment on infertile couples were included. Six electronic databases were used to conduct a systematic search from the years 2000 to 2014. The references of the articles selected for review and other related systematic reviews were also screened to retrieve additional relevant articles. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. Descriptive analysis was adopted to synthesize the results.Results A total of 22 quantitative and 4 qualitative studies were identified and included in this review. Although both men and women experienced psychological distress during the treatment, gender differences existed. Women had elevated anxiety and depression levels prior to the treatment, which became even higher on the day of the oocyte retrieval, pre-and post embryo transfer, and during the waiting period before the pregnancy test. Men of the infertile couples reported elevated depression scores before treatment, which usually increased during the time spent waiting for the outcome of the IVF treatment. Both men and women had lower scores on positive affect before the pregnancy test. A failed IVF cycle had long-term negative psychological consequences for both spouses. Conclusions The results of this review pointed to the need for a couple-based support program, aimed at improving the psychological well-being of couples.

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Section: Emotional Reactions Of Infertile Couples During the Treatmenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in emotional reactions to in vitro fertilization treatment: a systematic review

Ying

Loke

2015

J Assist Reprod Genet

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“…19,20 Many studies have shown that attempting to suppress thoughts results in their increased activation what is known as a rebound effect. 21 Thought suppression needs motivation and massive cognitive effort that is mediated by personal affection.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defending the Doomed: Implicit Strategies Concerning Protection of First-Person Shooter Games

Kneer

Munko

Glock

et al. 2012

Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking

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Censorship of violent digital games, especially first-person shooter (FPS) games, is broadly discussed between generations. While older people are concerned about possible negative influences of these games, not only players but also nonplayers of the younger net-generation seem to deny any association with real aggressive behavior. Our study aimed at investigating defense mechanisms players and nonplayers use to defend FPS and peers with playing habits. By using a lexical decision task, we found that aggressive concepts are activated by priming the content of FPS but suppressed afterward. Only if participants were instructed to actively suppress aggressive concepts after priming, thought suppression was no longer necessary. Young people still do have negative associations with violent video games. These associations are neglected by implicitly applying defense strategies-independent of own playing habits-to protect this specific hobby, which is common for the netgeneration.

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“…Despite the prevalence of suppression as a coping strategy for unwanted thoughts, the literature suggests that it is frequently unsuccessful and indeed can be highly counterproductive (Beevers, Wenzlaff, Hayes, & Scott, 1999). In order to account for the counterproductive effects of thought suppression, Wegner (1989) has proposed the "environmental cuing hypothesis" (ECH), according to which suppression involves two cognitive control processes (Wegner & Erber, 1992).…”

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confidence: 99%

The derived generalization of thought suppression

Hooper

Saunders²,

McHugh

2010

Learning & Behavior

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Thought suppression appears to be a relatively ineffective and even counter-productive strategy for dealing with unwanted thoughts. However, the psychological processes responsible for unsuccessful suppression are still underspecified. One process that may be implicated is derived stimulus relations, which may underlie the formation of unintentional relations that act to hamper suppression attempts. To test this prediction, participants were trained and tested for the formation of three derived equivalence relations using a match-to-sample procedure. Subsequently, they were instructed to suppress all thoughts of a particular target word that was a member of one of the three relations and were also allowed to selectively remove words that appeared on a computer screen in front of them by pressing the space bar. Results showed, as predicted, that participants not only removed the to-be-suppressed stimulus, but also removed words in derived relations with that stimulus, thus showing transformation of suppression/interference functions via derived equivalence. The theoretical implications of this demonstration, including its potential as a model for a key psychological process involved in unsuccessful thought suppression, are discussed

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Depression and the ironic effects of thought suppression: Therapeutic strategies for improving mental control.

Cited by 79 publications

References 73 publications

Gender differences in emotional reactions to in vitro fertilization treatment: a systematic review

Gender differences in emotional reactions to in vitro fertilization treatment: a systematic review

Defending the Doomed: Implicit Strategies Concerning Protection of First-Person Shooter Games

The derived generalization of thought suppression

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