Depression and Vitamin D Deficiency: Causality, Assessment, and Clinical Practice Implications

Abstract

Purpose: Carotid dissection is the most important cause of ischemic stroke in young adults. Ischemic stroke rate up to 20% in people under 50 years. Recently, young patients under 50 years of age who were admitted to the emergency department with ischemic stroke complaints were diagnosed with carotid dissection.Methods: For this purpose, cranio-cervical CT angio images of patients admitted to our clinic with suspected carotid artery dissection and diagnosed as ICA dissection were retrospectively reviewed. the characteristics of the patients with ICA dissection and normal patients undergoing cranio-cervical CT angiography were investigated using 3D anatomical programs, specifically the course of the stylohyoid ligament, the distance between stylohyoid ligament and the carotid artery, and contact between stylohyoid ligament and the carotid artery. Sectra and AW Server 2 archives and XIO 4.80 radiotherapy planning programs were used for 3D analysis of the images. The data obtained from the analyzes were evaluated using the SPSS statistical program. Results:Descriptive statistics, Independent Samples T-Test, Pearson correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and graphical programs were used in statistical evaluations. According to Independent Samples T-Test results performed under SPSS, the distance between the ICA with stylohyoid ligament at 0.05 (sig.2-tailed) level (t = 5,950, sig = 0,000) and the difference between the age of the patients (t = 2,226, sig = 0,026) was significant. In addition, the axial (t = 2,938, sig = 0,005) and sagittal (t = 2,307, sig = 0,026) angles between the genders were different. In Pearson correlation analysis, styloid axial angles (r = -0.316, sig = 0.029), styloid sagittal angles (r = -0.333, sig = 0.020) and age of ICA dissection (r = -0.332, sig = 0.026) at 0,05 (2-tailed) level was found to be correlated. More importantly, in patients with ICA dissection, it was found that there was a strong correlation between stylohyoid ligament-carotid distance (r = -0.659, sig = 0.000) at the 0.01 (2-tailed) level. Conclusion:As a result, the closure of the stylohyoid ligament closer than 3.9 mm to the carotid for any reason increases the risk of dissection in young patients. It is thought that the results of this research will constitute a step for radiological artificial intelligence studies.

The association between anxiety and depression with 25(OH)D and thyroid stimulating hormone levels

“…Many of these regions express 1α-hydroxylase, which converts 25)OH)D to 1,25)OH)2D3, and this explains the autocrine and paracrine properties of this vitamin. 27 Recently, it has been reported that low vitamin D levels are associated with schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety in the general population. 28 In a cohort study conducted between 2015 and 2017, Fond et al 29 reported hypovitaminosis D in 21.4% of the subjects with no vitamin D supplementation during the previous 12 months.…”

Vitamin D and Reduced Academic Stress of Health Students

“…17 Some study shows correlation between lower vitamin D levels and severe depression, emotional mood symptoms of premenstruation women, adult mood and cognitive disorder. 18,19 Vitamin D administration by supplement and sun ray exposure in one month show the positive effects for affective disorders. 20 Based on this background, a study to find out the influence of vitamin D supplement administration to reduce academic stress is required because the prevalence of the condition in Indonesia.…”

“…Low levels of vitamin D have been associated with severe depression, moods of premenstrual women, and adult mood and cognitive disorders. 18,19 Two RCTs measuring sun ray exposure vs. vitamin D supplementation for seasonal affective disorder show the positive effects of vitamin D, both by consuming supplements and sun ray exposure during one month. 20 To reduce academic stress, students should consume vitamin D and expose their skin to ultraviolet sun rays for limited amounts of time (note that overexposure to ultraviolet light can cause skin cancer and other bad outcomes).…”

Reconstrucción quirúrgica de un caso clínico complejo de neuroartropatía de Charcot

“…Finalmente, es importante también señalar la importancia que tuvo en este caso el nivel de vitamina D normalizado a la hora de intervenir este tipo de casos, y más en estos pacientes, ya que influye en el proceso de la osteosíntesis en la disminución del riesgo no unión, infección e incluso de la depresión, factor a tener en cuenta tanto por el largo posoperatorio como por la propia patología del paciente 44,45 .…”