Depression, anxiety and stress in a cohort of Australian dentistry students

Stormon, Nicole; Ford, Pauline; Kisely, Steve; Bartle, Emma; Eley, Diann

doi:10.1111/eje.12459

Cited by 58 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…We found that 35.5% (95% CI [29.1-42.2%]), 33.2% (95% CI [27-39.9%]) and 24.9% (95% CI [19.3-31.2%]) of the undergraduate medical students, including resident interns showed symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress respectively during COVID-19 outbreak with the majority with moderate depression (15.2%), moderate anxiety (17.5%), and mild stress (13.4%). Based on the severity ranking, subjects with moderate and above ranking may present with a possible problem that may require intervention (Crawford & Henry, 2003;Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995;Page, Hooke & Morrison, 2007;Stormon et al, 2019). In this study, 23.9%, 26.7% and 11.5% of the study population presented with moderate to extremely severe levels of depression, anxiety, and stress respectively (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on the mental health status of undergraduate medical students in a COVID-19 treating medical college: a prospective longitudinal study

Ilango¹,

Jayakumar

Kumar³

et al. 2020

PeerJ

568

348

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic is found to affect the mental health of the population. Undergraduate medical students are especially prone to mental health disorders and hence could be more vulnerable to the impact of the pandemic. Methods A prospective longitudinal study was conducted on 217 undergraduate medical students in a medical college at Chennai, India. Depression, anxiety, and stress levels were recorded using Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 Items (DASS21) before and during the COVID-19 outbreak in India in December 2019 and June 2020, respectively. In the follow-up survey, in addition to DASS21, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to assess sleep quality and a self-administered questionnaire to assess the impact of COVID-19 related stressors were used. The self-administered questionnaire assessed the status of COVID-19 testing, interactions with COVID-19 patients, self-perceived levels of concerns and worries related to academics (COVID-19-AA (academic apprehensions)) and those pertaining to the self and family/friends (COVID-19-GA (general apprehensions)). Cross-sectional and longitudinal comparison of overall scores of depression, anxiety, and stress and scores stratified by gender, year of study, place of residence and monthly family income were performed. Predictors for depression, anxiety, and stress during COVID-19 were investigated using adjusted binary logistic regression analysis and results were expressed as adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI). A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The average scores of depression, anxiety, and stress during the baseline survey were 7.55 ± 7.86, 4.6 ± 6.19 and 7.31 ± 7.34 with the prevalence (95% Cl) of 33.2% [27–39.9%], 21.2% [16–27.2%] and 20.7% [15.5–26.7%]; in follow-up survey, the mean scores were 8.16 ± 8.9, 6.11 ± 7.13 and 9.31 ± 8.18 with the prevalence being 35.5% [29.1–42.2%], 33.2% [27–39.9%] and 24.9% [19.3–31.2%] for depression, anxiety, and stress respectively. There was a significant increase in both the prevalence and levels of anxiety and stress (P < 0.001), with depression remaining unchanged during COVID-19, irrespective of gender, year of study, place of residence and family’s monthly income. Poor sleep quality, higher levels of baseline depression, anxiety, and stress, higher COVID-19-GA, COVID-19 patients in family/friends and direct interactions with COVID-19 patients were found to be significant predictors of negative mental health in undergraduate medical students. COVID-19-AA was not significantly associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic appears to negatively affect the mental health of the undergraduate medical students with the prevalence and levels of anxiety and stress being increased, and depression symptoms remaining unaltered. Addressing and mitigating the negative effect of COVID-19 on the mental health of this population is crucial.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on the mental health status of undergraduate medical students in a COVID-19 treating medical college: a prospective longitudinal study

Ilango¹,

Jayakumar

Kumar³

et al. 2020

PeerJ

568

348

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Fifty‐eight studies were included, and Figure 1 shows the flowchart for the studies selection process. Fifteen different instruments were used to assess self‐reported depressive symptom in the included studies: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), 25–43 Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), 44–61 Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), 62–66 Zung Depressive Scale, 67–69 Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale, 70 Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), 71 Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale, 72 Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)‐2 73 , PHQ‐9 74–76 , Aga Khan University Anxiety and Depression Scale, 77 Center for Epidemiological Studies‐Depression, 78 General Health Questionnaire‐28, 79 Mental Health Inventory, 80 Hopkins Symptom Checklist, 81 Symptom Questionnaire 82 . Table S1 summarizes the main characteristics of all tools used in the included studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only 9 of the included studies were cohort, 38,39,44,54,63,66,69,74,82 and follow‐up ranged from 2 months 63 to 4 years 82 . Overall, 16,805 dental students were involved in the present systematic review.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐reported depressive symptoms in dental students: Systematic review with meta‐analysis

Muniz

Maurique

Toniazzo

et al. 2020

Journal of Dental Education

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Objective This study aimed to systematically review the literature about the prevalence of self‐reported depressive symptoms in dental students. Methods PUBMED, SCOPUS, and EMBASE databases were search up to January 2020 with the following focused questions: “What is the prevalence of self‐reported depression symptom in dental students?” and “Are sex and years of educational training associated with self‐reported depressive symptom in dental students?”. Observational studies that applied a questionnaire assessing depression were eligible. Standard mean differences (SMD) and pooled odds ratios (OR) were calculated for the questionnaires’ scores and self‐reported depressive symptom, respectively. Results Fifty‐eight studies were included, and 15 different questionnaires were used. The prevalence of self‐reported depressive symptoms/at least mild depression ranged from 2.75% to 89.84%, and the pooled overall prevalence was 29% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 26–34). Meta‐analysis showed significantly lower scores in the questionnaires for self‐reported depressive symptoms of male students (SMD: −0.22; 95% CI: −0.42 – −0.03). Conversely, no significant difference was detected for the OR of self‐reported depressive symptom in the comparison between sex (OR: 1.11 – 95% CI: 0.77–1.62). Similarly, no significant difference was observed for the different school years regardless of the analytical strategy used. Conclusion It was concluded that female dental students presented more self‐reported depressive symptoms, but no difference is demonstrated during the years of dental education.

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“…A growing body of literature suggests that health care graduate students, including pharmacy, medical, and dental students, experience psychological distress, including anxiety, depression, or perceived stress, at significantly higher rates than their age-matched peers. [1][2][3] Burnout, a workplace syndrome characterized by exhaustion, reduced empathy, and diminished sense of accomplishment, may develop concurrently with anxiety and depression. 4 Burnout in students is associated with increased anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, substance use, thoughts of dropping out of school, and poorer school performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Student Pharmacist Perspectives on Factors That Influence Wellbeing During Pharmacy School

Babal

Abraham

Webber

et al. 2020

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

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Objective. To explore first-year student pharmacist perspectives on the influence of individual, educational system, and health care system factors on their wellbeing during pharmacy school. Methods. As part of a required course, first-year student pharmacists were required to submit reflective essays detailing the factors that most significantly contributed to their wellbeing since starting pharmacy school. Reflections from students who consented to participate during the study period from February 2019 to July 2019 were included for analysis. Qualitative thematic analysis was performed using open and axial coding, hierarchical categorization, and representative theme determination through a process of iterative review and deliberation. Coders developed a codebook with operational definitions for each emergent code. Coders met biweekly with lead researchers to ensure consistency and reliability of data analysis and to address minor discrepancies in coding. All team members discussed and revised themes until consensus regarding final representative themes was achieved. Results. Forty-nine students (36.8% of the first-year class) submitted reflective essays for analysis. Five themes emerged for the factors most influential on student pharmacist wellbeing: workload; learning environment culture and values; meaningful pharmacy school experiences; relationships; and personal factors. Student pharmacists did not consistently identify health care system factors as influencing their wellbeing. Conclusion. Student pharmacists identified both education system and individual factors as influencing their wellbeing. Education systems should prioritize implementation of systematic strategies that address curricular and learning climate factors, maximize student engagement in meaningful experiences, optimize social connectedness, and provide individual student support.

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Depression, anxiety and stress in a cohort of Australian dentistry students

Cited by 58 publications

References 33 publications

Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on the mental health status of undergraduate medical students in a COVID-19 treating medical college: a prospective longitudinal study

Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on the mental health status of undergraduate medical students in a COVID-19 treating medical college: a prospective longitudinal study

Self‐reported depressive symptoms in dental students: Systematic review with meta‐analysis

Student Pharmacist Perspectives on Factors That Influence Wellbeing During Pharmacy School

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