Depression, Anxiety, Perceived Stress and Family Support in COVID-19 Patients

Abstract

Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in Iran in February 2020 and then quickly spread to many cities. Different factors contribute to the numerous psychological problems of this pandemic in patients, healthcare workers and the community. This study investigated the prevalence of perceived stress, anxiety and depression in COVID-19 patients hospitalized between March and April 2020 and revealed associations of these factors with social support received from family.
 Method: In this cross-sectional study, patients with COVID-19 admitted between 21st of March and 22nd of April 2020 were evaluated by three questionnaires: Anxiety and depression were evaluated using the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), stress levels were evaluated using the four-item perceived stress scale (PSS-4) and family support was evaluated using the perceived social support scale-family (PSS-Fa). In addition to obtaining prevalence of the noted psychological disorders and their relationship with demographic details, relationship of stress, anxiety and depression with family support was also investigated using the Pearson’s correlation coefficient.
 Results: Participants comprised 100 COVID-19 patients (38 females and 62 males). Findings suggested high levels of perceived stress in 26% of the participants, anxiety symptoms existed in 29% and borderline conditions existed in 17%. Moreover, depressive and its borderline symptoms were respectively observed in 17% and 23%. Family support was found to negatively and significantly correlated with anxiety (Pearson correlation = -0.249, P < 0.05) and depression. (Pearson correlation = -0.221, P < 0.05).
 Conclusion: Given the high prevalence of anxiety and depression in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, it is recommended to further focus on non-clinical interventions, such as providing psychological first aids, boosting psychological resilience, and enabling greater family support, in efforts to prevent transformation of these psychological symptoms into long-term psychological disorders.

Resilience and Social Support Improve Mental Health and Quality of Life in Patients with Post-COVID-19 Syndrome

“…Cohort studies suggest that the negative consequences of post-COVID-19 syndrome on patients' quality of life and mental health remain even a year after infection [34,56]. Several studies including COVID-19 patients found that high social support had a negative association with anxiety and depression symptoms [57][58][59]. Moreover, social support positively affected COVID-19 patients' quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic [60,61].…”

Disease experience of patients with acute radiodermatitis: a qualitative study

“…According to the de nition of the National Cancer Institute (NCI), social support is a network of family, friends, neighbors, and community members that is available in times of need to give psychological, physical, and nancial help [ 16] .Studies had shown that social support helps patients to counteract the effects of depression, anxiety, and other negative psychological in uences by strengthening their own management behaviors [ 17][18] .Family support signi cantly and negatively correlated with patients' anxiety and depression [ 19] ;Peer support can relieve patients' negative emotions while guarantee the realization of self-worth and improve self-identity [ 20] [21] .Therefore, it's essential to build a communication platform, establish a WeChat group and actively carry out a patient communication meeting, which can help patients to improve communication and obtain a sense of group comfort. Besides, nurses should timely feedback patients' condition to their families to enhance family support.…”

Resilience and social support improve mental health and quality of life in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome

“…Cohort studies suggest that negative consequences of post-COVID-19 syndrome on patients’ quality of life and mental health remains even a year after the infection (Kim et al, 2022; Tabacof et al, 2022). Several studies including COVID-19 patients found that high social support had a negative association with anxiety and depression symptoms (Dai et al, 2022; Hosseini Largani et al, 2022; Kandeğer et al, 2021). Moreover, social support positively affected COVID-19 patients’ quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic (Kesuma et al, 2022; Moodi et al, 2022).…”