Depression: Biological markers and treatment

Erjavec, Gordana Nedić; Šagud, Marina; Perković, Matea Nikolac; Štrac, Dubravka Švob; Konjevod, Marcela; Tudor, Lucija; Uzun, Sandra; Pivac, Nela

doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110139

Cited by 71 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 271 publications

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“…Meanwhile, patients with depression exhibit dysregulation of GABA, serotonin, and dopamine levels [ 114 , 115 ]. GABA is largely produced by Bacteroides in the gut microbiota, and correlation analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing and fMRI data shows that the relative abundance of Bacteroides in the feces of patients with depression is negatively correlated with brain symptoms of depression [ 19 ].…”

Section: Influence Of Gut Microbe-regulated Neurotransmitter Synthesis On Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Neurotransmitters by the Gut Microbiota and Effects on Cognition in Neurological Disorders

2021

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Emerging evidence indicates that gut microbiota is important in the regulation of brain activity and cognitive functions. Microbes mediate communication among the metabolic, peripheral immune, and central nervous systems via the microbiota–gut–brain axis. However, it is not well understood how the gut microbiome and neurons in the brain mutually interact or how these interactions affect normal brain functioning and cognition. We summarize the mechanisms whereby the gut microbiota regulate the production, transportation, and functioning of neurotransmitters. We also discuss how microbiome dysbiosis affects cognitive function, especially in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.

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Section: Influence Of Gut Microbe-regulated Neurotransmitter Synthesis On Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Neurotransmitters by the Gut Microbiota and Effects on Cognition in Neurological Disorders

2021

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“…Studies on the pathophysiology of depression have identified several promising prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers, including factors associated with the HPA axis (e.g., CRH, ACTH, and cortisol), inflammatory factors (e.g., tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and C-reactive protein (CRP)), neurotrophic factors (e.g., BDNF and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and changes in the area or volume of the hippocampus, amygdala, and PFC [17,114,115]. According to Kennis et al [17], only cortisol in saliva was a significant biomarker for the onset/relapse/recurrence of depression, but careful interpretation is needed given the methodological heterogeneity among included studies.…”

Section: Molecular Diagnosis Of Depression: An Epigenetic Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current first-line therapies for depression are tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), MAO inhibitors, and SSRIs, all of which target the dysfunction of monoaminergic transmission [115]. However, classical antidepressants such as TCAs (e.g., imipramine) and SSRIs (e.g., paroxetine, fluoxetine, and escitalopram) not only bind to monoamine transporters but also have indirect effects on both DNA methylation and histone PTM [135].…”

Section: Molecular Therapeutics Of Depression: An Epigenetic Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic Targeting of Histone Deacetylases in Diagnostics and Treatment of Depression

Park

Kim

Ahn

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Depression is a highly prevalent, disabling, and often chronic illness that places substantial burdens on patients, families, healthcare systems, and the economy. A substantial minority of patients are unresponsive to current therapies, so there is an urgent need to develop more broadly effective, accessible, and tolerable therapies. Pharmacological regulation of histone acetylation level has been investigated as one potential clinical strategy. Histone acetylation status is considered a potential diagnostic biomarker for depression, while inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs) have garnered interest as novel therapeutics. This review describes recent advances in our knowledge of histone acetylation status in depression and the therapeutic potential of HDAC inhibitors.

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“…They include disorders in systems such as the immune [20,21], endocrine [22,23] or digestive [24,25], as well as changes in the metabolome [26,27], neurotrophic factors [28,29] or oxidative stress [30,31]. Although the research on the above mentioned theories has led to the proposition of many promising biomarkers of MDD [32][33][34], further research is still required as the results of many studies often differ [35][36][37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers of Post-COVID Depression

Lorkiewicz

Waszkiewicz

2021

JCM

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The COVID-19 pandemic is spreading around the world and 187 million people have already been affected. One of its after-effects is post-COVID depression, which, according to the latest data, affects up to 40% of people who have had SARS-CoV-2 infection. A very important issue for the mental health of the general population is to look for the causes of this complication and its biomarkers. This will help in faster diagnosis and effective treatment of the affected patients. In our work, we focused on the search for major depressive disorder (MDD) biomarkers, which are also present in COVID-19 patients and may influence the development of post-COVID depression. For this purpose, we searched PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar scientific literature databases using keywords such as ‘COVID-19’, ‘SARS-CoV-2’, ‘depression’, ‘post-COVID’, ‘biomarkers’ and others. Among the biomarkers found, the most important that were frequently described are increased levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), soluble interleukin 6 receptor (sIL-6R), interleukin 1 β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interleukin 2 (IL-2), soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL-2R), C-reactive protein (CRP), Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1), serum amyloid a (SAA1) and metabolites of the kynurenine pathway, as well as decreased brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tryptophan (TRP). The biomarkers identified by us indicate the etiopathogenesis of post-COVID depression analogous to the leading inflammatory hypothesis of MDD.

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Depression: Biological markers and treatment

Cited by 71 publications

References 271 publications

Regulation of Neurotransmitters by the Gut Microbiota and Effects on Cognition in Neurological Disorders

Regulation of Neurotransmitters by the Gut Microbiota and Effects on Cognition in Neurological Disorders

Epigenetic Targeting of Histone Deacetylases in Diagnostics and Treatment of Depression

Biomarkers of Post-COVID Depression

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